In 1915, in an effort to end World War I, he headed a privately sponsored peace expedition to Europe that failed dismally, but after the American entry into the war he was a leading producer of ambulances, airplanes, munitions, tanks, and submarine chasers. In 1918 he ran unsuccessfully for the U. S. Senate on the Democratic ticket. After weathering a severe financial crisis in 1921, he began producing high-priced motor cars along with other vehicles and founded branch firms in England and in other European countries. Strongly opposed to trade unionism, Ford-who incurred considerable antagonism because of his paternalistic attitude toward his employees and his statements on political and social questions-stubbornly resisted union organization in his factories by the United Automobile Workers until 1941.
A staunch isolationist before World War II, Ford again converted his factories to the production of war material after 1941. In 1945 he retired. Other Accomplishments and Controversies His numerous philanthropies, in addition to the Ford Foundation, included $7. 5 million for the Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit and $5 million for a museum in Dearborn, where in 1933 he established Greenfield Village-a reproduction of an early American village. Ford also wrote, in collaboration with Samuel Crowther, My Life and Work (1923), Today and Tomorrow (1926), Moving Forward (1931), and Edison as I Knew Him (1930).
Ford’s international reputation made him a natural target for journalists.
The Essay on Bishop Ford War China Time
... lives and were driven from there homes. Bishop ford refused to leave the war-torn country, even after the Japanese attack on ... Japan, but even more costly was a civil war that followed. Bishop Ford exemplified the virtue of fortitude, by not leaving the ... can bear with almost anyhow'. If Ford had left the country during the time of war, there would have probably been no ...
His libel suit against the Chicago Tribune in 1919 led to an examination by the Tribune attorney, intended to show Ford’s lack of education. Anti-Semitic articles in Ford’s Dearborn Independent brought further legal controversy; he was forced to apologize for the articles. In the 1930 s, Ford was widely attacked for employing Harry Bennett, a former boxer who established a squad of thugs to spy, beat up, and otherwise intimidate union organizers. Ford was also a poor manager who failed to capitalize on his company’s early success. In the 1920 s he failed to respond to consumer tastes by introducing new models and the company fell far behind General Motors. By the time of his retirement, the company’s accounting procedures were so primitive that Ford’s managers were unable to accurately tell how much it cost to manufacture a car and the company was losing $9.
5 million a month. Later Generations His son, Edsel Bryant Ford, 1893-1943, b. Detroit, shared in the control of the vast Ford industrial interests. He was president of the Ford Motor Company from 1919 until his death, when his father once more became (1943) president of the company.
The eldest Ford soon retired again when his grandson, Henry Ford 2 d, 1917-87, b. Detroit, succeeded him in 1945. The younger Henry Ford moved quickly to restructure and modernize the company, which had slipped from the world’s largest automobile manufacturer in 1920 to number three in the U. S.
market in 1945. He removed a number of long-time Ford executives, such as Bennett, and for the first time in company history, recruited outsiders for positions of responsibility. The company spent $1 billion between 1945 and 1955 to expand its operations, introduced successful new models, and raised $690 million in capital by offering stock to the public (1956).
Although Ford modernized.
