A series of events and conditions existed in the Old World at the dawn of the fifteenth century that made New World exploration not only possible but desirable. Identify these events and conditions, and explain how each helped set the stage for exploration. a. Isabella avoids an arranged marriage by King Henry, her step brother, that would limit her power. She marries King Ferdinand, ruler of land in Northern Spain, in 1469. b. Isabella becomes queen after King Henry, a ruler that not made many enemies among the nobility and clergy, dies 1474. c.
Isabella and Ferdinand start a new campaign known as the Reconquest to eliminate Muslim strong holds and to purify Christianity in the region. d. During that time, Christopher Columbus was part of their royal cavalcade, a group of adviser, servants and hanger-ons. e. Columbus’ idea of sailing west to Asia had already been rejected by Portugal. He pitched his idea in 1486 to the Queen while on their religious campaign. After years of pitching the story, Queen Isabella finally agreed in April 1942, hoping to expand her wealth and monarchy. f. Columbus gathered 3 ships and sailed west in August 1942.
Two months later the landed on an island in the Caribbean. Seeking a shorter way to get to the rich Asia, Columbus accidently discovered a new land that was even richer in resources. 2. Despite Columbus’ lack of success in locating the Asian mainland by sailing west, his arrival in the Caribbean had a profound and lasting impact on both the Old World and the New Worlds. Discuss Columbus’ voyages. Discuss Spanish claims to the new lands in the West. Explain how Europeans’ understanding of the world geography changed due to Columbus’ discoveries. Discuss the Columbian Exchange. a.
The Essay on Isabella Queen Of Castille
Isabella, Queen of Castille Until the 15th century, Spain was only a distant participant in the general movement of European affairs. The different kingdoms sharing the Spanish peninsula were individually too weak to pursue an energetic foreign policy. Spain was actually poorly developed country. The marriage of royal cousins, Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castille, in 1469 brought stability ...
Columbus’ first exploration to the New World brought great hope to Spain and himself. He still thought he was in the East Indies so he called the native people on the New World “Indians”. He returned to Spain with several “Indians” and the Queen sent him back with a bigger fleet of boats and men to claim and explore new land. b. Columbus had left several of his men from his first voyage to stay in communication with the natives but found bad news when he returned. The Europeans had kidnapped the native women and raped them. The natives them killed the remaining Europeans in revenge.
Columbus made a couple more trips to the New World before he died. c. Columbus’ trip to this new land spurred other European countries to take their own voyages out west and claim new lands. England landed in Newfoundland, a different Spanish expedition landed in northern South America with an Italian business man named Amerigo Vespucci. Portugal sent their own voyage that landed them in Brazil. d. Once word got out in Europe that Columbus’ discovery was more than just a small land mass on the way to Asia, and more of a new continent, different rulers set out to try and map this new land.
In 1507, a German cartographer was the first to map the land mass separate from Asia and names the land AMERICA in honor of Amerigo Vespucci. e. Several other expeditions by Spain confirmed the speculation on another body of water between “America” and Asia. Magellan made the voyage from Spain to America, then through Panama all the way to Asia. He lost 4 of his 5 ships and 232 of his 250 men but confirmed everyone’s ideas of a new body of land and ocean. f. The Columbian Exchange was a transatlantic trade of goods from the New World to the Old World.
This brought both good and bad things to both sides of the world. Diseases such as small pox infected the Native Americans and Europeans brought back syphilis to their countries. There were also many goods brought to both side. Native Americans were introduced to iron technology, sailing ships, fire arms, wheeled vehicles, horses as well as other domesticated animals. Europeans discovered tobacco, cotton as well as corn and potatoes which became staples in the diets on many poor Europeans.
The Essay on The Perception of the New World: Columbus and Montaigne
During the era of exploration, the discovery of unexplored territories had greatly struck interest in the European countries that were on the search for more riches in East Asia. In 1493 under the flag of Spain, Christopher Columbus attempted to reach the Indies by navigating west on the Atlantic Ocean but ended up in new world; the Americas. He reported the new world he discovered in a letter, ...
A generation after Columbus’ discovery, Spain had still not reaped the rewards of the new land as they once hoped to find a land full of spices and gold. g. It wasn’t until 1519 when Cortez explored land from Mexico all the way down to Chile. By 1545, that new land belonged to Spain and finally brought them the gold and silver they were seeking. The Spanish forced the natives into slavery, mining gold and growing crops. Spain was now a world power but soon needed a new labor force since diseases were wiping out the native population.
The labor system of slavery transformed the South during the eighteenth century. Discuss the impact on southern society and politics. a. Different slave owners from the South preferred African slaves from certain regions, this became known as seasoning. b. The Stono rebellion in South Carolina in 1739 prompted new laws designed to guarantee that the whites always had an upper hand. c. Slaves also had their own customs that they brought from Africa. They valued family ties. Kinships identified a person’s place among living relatives and linked the persons to ancestors in the past and to descendants in the future.
Slaves also gave their children traditional dolls they made. They also grew food and crops they knew is Africa such as yams and okra. e. They also constructed huts made similar to the ones they lived in Africa and well as constructed instruments to play music like banjos and drums and held dances from their African heritage. f. Slave owners who owned a large amount of land dominated politics and created laws to favor themselves. These men also elected themselves for legislative positions and passed down these positions down to only the elite.
By the 1770’s many white Americans saw the British government as a source of efforts to enslave them, while many African-Americans slaves saw the British government as a potential source of freedom from slavery. Explain why these two groups held such different views. Which groups view of the British was more legitimate? a. Americans felt like the British were enslaving them because of the high taxes they were imposing on all products. The Americans also felt like they weren’t being fairly represented in the British government while being taxed the same of even more that citizens from England.
The Essay on The Australian and American Freedom Rides
This essay briefly discusses the similarities and differences of the ‘Australian and American Freedom Rides’ history. Throughout the essay, there is a discussion on what the reasons were for the protest of the Freedom Rides. It also points out the duration of the protest and the major locations where they were held. The essay also shows the different reactions to the protest and the influential ...
Slaves saw the British as a source of freedom because some colonial Governors were offering freedom from their American masters if they joined a fought for the British army. Since the slaves saw the Americans rebelling against the British, they got inspired and decided to retaliate against their masters and demand and fight for their freedom. Many salves were inspired and escaped to join the British. Many slaves died in army camps from diseases and only several hundred slaves actually ended up going to England and getting their freedom.
Taxes are a way of life in modern countries all over the world. The British might have been taking advantage over the Americans but it should not have been compared to slavery. The views of the salves about the British were truer because they actually did grant some slaves freedom after the war. Although the British’s main concern was to weaken the Americans by having to deal with slave retaliations and loss of man power, the price of having to grant freedom to a slave was small compared to having to win a war.
Discuss the events that led to Shay’s Rebellion, the revolt itself, and the outcome of the revolt. a. After the war America was trying to shape their government to one that empowered the people as a source of authority. It wanted to keep the power local and in the interest of the local people who could keep corruption from happening from a distant ruler. b. The war left American in debt and needed extra money to repay foreign lenders that helped finance the war as well paying Americans who owned government bonds and IOUs. They needed about 3 million dollars.
A good part of that money was also going to be used to pay back army officers for their “commutation certificates” c. The new government decided they were going to have to raise taxes even more on the people to help fund the repayments of the war. The local people did not like this as they felt as if they had just finished fighting the British against high taxes. d. Farmers from west Massachusetts gathered to rebel against the new taxes until their voices were heard and rules were changed. One of the farmers was a retired army captain named Daniel Shay. They planned to go into Boston and let their voices be heard.
The Essay on The War of 1812 and the Mexican-American War
The War of 1812 and the Mexican-American War are two wars that physically appear two opposites. The War of 1812 involves plenty of naval battles and a few major land battles, while the Mexican-American War involves numerous land battles and few, if any, naval battles. However there are numerous similarities. The War of 1812, The US saw Great Britain as a major problem because of their definition ...
At the same time the governor of Massachusetts, James Bowdoin, formed a private army with money from rich citizens and merchants that were scared of Shay’s rebellious group. e. Bowdoins’ army cut off Shay’s farmers before reaching Boston and were captured. A couple were killed but most were jailed and sentenced and sworn in oath to allegiance to the state. A special Disqualification Act prohibited the rebels from voting, holding public office, serving on juries and working as schoolmasters. Basically stripping any power they had. f. Shays rebellion led to the government again reshaping the laws to please the people.
