Homonymy in English The learning objectives: after you have studied the lecture you should be able to speak on the following: 1. Homonyms, its etymology, definition. 2. Classification of homonyms. 3. Sources of homonyms. 4. Relationship among polysemy, homonymy and synonymy. Seminar on Homonymy and Polysemy: Consider your answer to the following: 1) Antrushina G. B. and others “English lexicology”, M. , 1999. Pp. 166-182. Do exercises 1, 2, (8 sent), 4, 5, 7, (6 sent), 8 p. 182 2) Kasheeva “Practical Lexicology”, pp. 39-40 Homonyms (from Gr. homos” means “the same”, “omona” means “name”) are the words, different in meaning and either identical both in sound and spelling or identical only in spelling or sound. The most widely accepted classification of them is following: 1. Homonyms proper (or perfect homonyms) 2. Homophones 3. Homographs 1. Homonyms proper are words identical in pronunciation and spelling: a) “Ball” as a round object used in game, “ball” as a gathering of people for dancing; b) “Bark” v to utter sharp explosive cries; “bark” n is a noise made by dog or a sailing ship, etc. Bay” v is to bark; “bay” n is a part of the sea or the lake filling wide mouth opening of the land, or the European laurel[1], or гнедая лошадь. You should remember, that homonyms are distinct words – not different meanings within one word. 1. Homophones are words of the same sound, but of different meaning, for example: “Air” – “heir”, “arms” – “alms”, “bye” – “buy” – “by”, “him” – “hymn”, “knight” – “night”, “rain” – “reign”, “not” – “knot”, “or” – “ore” – “oar”, “piece” – “peace”, “scent” – “cent”, “steal” – “steel” – “still”, “write” – “right”, “sea” – “see”, “son” – “sun”.
The Homework on Sound and Pet Peeve
What is my biggest pet peeve? My pet peeve is incredibly loud noise while i am trying to work on homework. I really dislike when there is any type of noise going on around me, or even in the same house. When there is noise, I will get an incredible head-ache and it distracts me from my work. Some examples of noise that really bug me are birds chirping, Dogs barking, and my family making noise ...
In the sentence: “The play-write on my right thinks it that some conventional rite[2] should symbolize the right of every man to write as he pleases” the sound complex [rait] is noun, adjective, adverb and verb, has 4 different spellings and 6 different meanings. The difference may be confined to the use of a capital letter as in “bill” and “Bill”: “How much is my milk bill? ” – “Excuse me, madam, but my name is John”. On the other hand, whole sentences may be homophonic: “The sons raise meat” – “The sun’s rays meet”. To understand this one needs a wide context. 2.
Homographs are words different in sound and in meaning but accidentally identical in spelling: Bow[bou] – лук / [bau] – поклон или нос корабля Lead [li:d] – вести / [led] – свинец Row [rou] – грести или ряд / [rau] – шум, скандал Sever [sov ] – шея / [sjuv ] – сточная труба Tear[t? e] – рвать / [ti ] – слеза Wind[wind] – ветер / [waind] – заводить (часы) Classification of homonyms in full and partial see in: Kasheeva – pp 39-40, Antrushina – pp 128-129. Sources of homonyms On of source of homonyms is a phonetic change, which a word undergoes[3] in the course of it historical development.
As a result of such changes, less or more words, which were formerly pronounced differently, may develop identical sound forms and thus become homonyms. “Night” and “knight”, for instance, were not homonyms in Old English (O. E. ) as the initial “k” in the second word was pronounced. The verb “to write” in O. E. had the form “to writan” and the adjective “right” had the form “reht” or “riht”. Another source of homonyms is borrowing. A borrowed word may, in the final stage of the phonetic adaptation conclude the form either with a native word or another borrowing.
So in the group of homonyms “rite n – to write – right adj. ” The second and third words are of native origin, whereas “rite” is Latin borrowing (Latin “ritus”); “bank “ n (“a shore”) is a native word, and bank n (a financial institution) is an Italian borrowing. Word building also contributes significantly to the growth of homonymy, the most important type of it being conversion. Such pairs of words as “comb” n – “comb” v; “pale” adj. – “pale” v; “make” v – “make” n, etc. are numerous in vocabulary.
The Term Paper on Words And Meaning
People sometimes play games with words. People may also recite or memorise lists of words, for example when trying to learn the words of another language or to remember technical terms. And they may occasionally leaf through a dictionary looking at words more or less randomly. These are legitimate activities, enjoyable or useful as they may be. But they are not typical uses of words. Typically, ...
Homonyms of this type refer to different categories of parts of speech and called lexico-grammatical homonyms. Shortening is a further type of word-building, which increases the number of homonyms. For example “fan” (an enthusiastic admirer of some sportsmen, actor, singer, etc. ) is a shortening produced from “fanatic” [f n? tik]. Its homonym is a Latin borrowing “fan” – an element for waving and produce some cool wind. [4] The noun, for instance, “rep”, a kind of fabric, has 4 homonyms: 1) rep = repertory; 2) rep = representative; 3) rep = reputation; ) rep = repetition (in school slang smth, need to know by hard) A further course of homonyms is called split[5] polysemy: 2 or more homonyms can originate different meanings of the same word, when for some reason the semantic structure of the word breaks into several parts. We may illustrate this by the 3 following homonyms of the word “spring”, means: 1) The act of springing, leap; 2) A place, where a steam of water comes up out to the sky; 3) A season of the year. Historically all three originate from the same verb with meaning to jump, to leap. This is the Old English word “springun”[6].
So that the meaning of the first homonym is the oldest or the most etymological one. The meanings of the 2nd and the 3rd examples were originally made in metaphor. As the head of the strim, the water something lips out of the earth, so that metaphorically such a place could be described as a “leap”. On the other hand, the season of the year, following winter, could be poetically defined as a “leap” from the darkness and cold into sunlight and life. Polysemy, synonymy and homonymy One of the most complicated problems in semasiology is to define the place of homonyms among other relationships of words.
In a simple code each sign has only one meaning and it’s meaning is associated with only one sign. But this ideal is not realized in natural language. When several related meanings are associated with the same form, the word is called polysemantic. When 2 or more unrelated meanings are associated with the same form, these words are homonyms. When 2 or more forms are associated with the same or nearly the same meaning, they are called the synonyms. ———————– [1] лавр [2] обряд [3] претерпевают [4] веер [5] расщепление [6] прыгать
The Essay on Trojan: Gothic Architecture And Word Meaning Word
What Trojan hero did the Romans considered themselves descended from? – Aeneas. What Greek historian described and explained Rome’s rise to power? – Polybius Who were the legendary twin brothers who founded Rome in 753 B.C.? – Romulus and Remus What three things did Polybius consider the main causes of Rome’s greatness? Which Hellenistic philosophy taught that we should strive for “ ...
