How does Golding explore the boys’ steady degeneration into savagery and violence?
Golding explores the boys’ steady decline from a fairly just society to one with few rules and little respect for any individual, in many ways because it is a key feature and underlying meaning or parable of this book. It is to show how society is never stable even when it feels that does at its most, this is because of the views and actions of others, and this is explored by Golding in many ways. This comes about because of the different views between the boys and their different opinions not just because one of them believes for example that they should do something but because of the influence that one has over the other which leads to a separate belief and then ultimately onto chaos due to the handling of the situation.
To start with the passage on pages 15-17 about the boys being sat on the platform (after Ralph has blown the conch) and the arrival of the choir as they or as “the creature stepped from mirage” and into view. This is significant to the ways in which Golding explores the boys degeneration because it is acknowledging the arrival of a power, the power being not Jack alone, not the boys in the choir but the knowledge and background of school and life they both come from and bring with them. It is not the people but instead the ideas that these people bring that will inevitably start the decay of the boy’s society into barbarism. This is because these boys come from a choir school, which, by their nature, are elitist – probably just as much as the more severe public (private) schools of that time. The boys were most familiar with the organisation of hierarchy, a sense of order and directly strict. Beatings by boys and masters would have been common. Without that strict regime and following such past conditioning it is obvious that the arrival of the choir signifies the arrival of over-strictness and dictatorship qualities. This shows that the choir is theoretically signifying the emergence of a darker presence, an evil, a threat to the community, a regime that is too strict to be followed directly by most of the boys because it has never been experienced by them before and so found difficult to follow.
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It is almost showing the arrival of an evil such as the arrival of the Nazi Regime in Germany, which left many people unable to follow due to the over-severity of it law and beliefs. This is reflected in the choir, with Jack at the head, a dictator feature – as shown by the way that it is Jack that speaks first, he is at the head of the marching boys and it is he that they all call by his surname “Merridew” as a show of respect and power – in comparison to his counter-part Ralph the more democratic leader, instantly establishing a conflicting system of power craving with extremist views and struggles. Ultimately leading to the decay of their society into savagery and violence.
In another passage, the one about Roger throwing stones at Henry along with Roger and Maurice’s destruction of a few of the littluns sandcastles – on pages 62-65, shows instantly the desire for power and the ability to take power the older boys have over the smaller, younger ones. This is an example of how Golding presents the boys decline, because it is showing how the older boys are striking both fear into the littluns and also a dominance of power. This is shown by Maurice and Roger as they walked straight through what the smaller children were doing, destroying most of it, “Roger led the way straight through the castles, kicking them over, burying the flowers, scattering the chosen stones. Maurice followed, laughing, and added to the destruction.” Giving the image of these two older boys just breaking up the younger ones fun and giving them a reason to dislike them, as they were craving power. This came after the two boys had just been relieved from the duty of looking after the fire, giving them an even greater sense of responsibility and power adding to their unjust destruction of the youngers fun. They felt filled with power and so decided to take it out on or rather exploit their power on the younger more vulnerable children in the group adding to the confusion of the littluns of whether these older boys were their friends or their enemy as they could not understand why they would be ‘hurting’ them for no reason.
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This is also demonstrated by Roger later on in the passage as he throws stones, not directly at, but in the vicinity of Henry as he sat by the water. This is an example of Roger exercising his new found power on the littluns, he is inciting fear because Henry is having stones thrown at him yet he cannot see the perpetrator yet also it is making something (out of nothing) for Henry to be interested in and inquisitive. This in turn shows the degeneration into decay because it is giving a false interest for Henry to be excited by and when he discovers that it is nothing he will feel let down and humiliated by an older boy adding to his dislike and inevitably his reluctance for cooperation and thus the start of a rebellion to the older boys.
A final passage of Golding’s exploration of the boys degeneration would be pages 99-102 in which Ralphs meeting descends into chaos, this shows how the boys have lost the respect for each other and do not even care what any of them has to say, this is probably a build up from all the ‘niggling’ things throughout the first few chapters, like Roger and his subtle attack on the smaller children with the destruction of their castles and striking fear by throwing stones coupled with the dominance of the choir due to their uniforms and beliefs both scares the children into disarray and also forces them to naturally rebel against these children that feel they have power over them through the way they have been brought up. It shows that the children are unable to keep control anymore, no respect, and no morals for anyone else. Through the meeting it has turned into every man for himself and all riot runs loose.
In conclusion Golding explores the boys’ steady decline in many ways mainly in the aspects of power dominance and beliefs coupled with the extremist right wing views of Jack and the more medial ones from Ralph all cause the boys to not understand which they should go with, the more active yet dictator Jack or the less active yet more medial and fair Ralph. The struggle for power is the main cause for decline throughout the novel in the first few chapters and onwards and there is not much anyone can do between the main players of Jack (and his choir) and Ralph with his ‘for the people views’.
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