How have world events influenced the creation of art during 1900 through 1945? Art is the mirror of the political and social processes of human history. Being one of the human activities it can not exist detached from the history of a mankind. The complicated processes of the humanity progress are the main engines which facilitate the art development. The 20th century witnessed the tremendous changes in the perception of the human values like democracy, freedom etc. The leftist Marxism ideas discredit themselves and the artists were searching for new forms to express their attitude towards political and social changes taking place in the 40s of the 20th century. Abstract Expressionism as an art movement emerged as a feedback to tremendous changes in the ideology, crash of Marxism on one hand and emerging the Nazism on the other one. It was the first art movement which was born in America thus having undermined the tradition of France and particularly Paris which was considered to be the centre of the new art movements. Its roots go back to Surrealism and Cubism.
That was a post World War II movement. In spite of its name it did not combine the manners of Abstractionism and Expressionism only. It included a number of styles. It can be said that it is an approach that involves complete freedom from all traditional aesthetic and social values and favors spontaneous, free personal expression.1 The movement gets its name because it is seen as combining the emotional intensity and self-expression of the German Expressionists with the anti-figurative aesthetic of the European abstract schools such as Futurism, the Bauhaus and Synthetic Cubism. Additionally, it has an image of being rebellious, anarchic, highly idiosyncratic and, some feel, rather nihilistic.2 Abstract impressionists considered the art to be a radical gesture. Abstract impressionism was not so much well school of art, as a way of thinking.
The Term Paper on History of The Surrealist Art Movement
Sometimes through history, something comes along that changes everything as it has been known thus far. In the 1920's, such an art movement came around that changed the way art was defined. The Surrealist art movement combined elements of its predecessors, Dada and cubism, to create something unknown to the art world. The movement was first rejected, but its eccentric ideas and unique techniques ...
The Abstract Expressionists made the final break from the rigid conventions of the past, by redefining what it meant to be an artist. In essence, they rebelled against what the rest of the art world judged to be acceptable.3 The Abstract Impressionism has certain common features with other art directions. One of them is Cubism. Cubism was as well as Abstract Impressionism developed as a counteraction against the conventional European painting. American artists were trying all the time to find their own way of expression of their thoughts feelings etc. American born movements were based on the best European traditions. As America came of age in the early twentieth century, and as the United States began to assume a more global position of world leadership, American artists generally were attempting to define the native qualities of their art. In the years following World War I, writers such as Van Wyck Brooks and Waldo Frank urged artists to render their own distinctly American perception of place, arguing that by rendering the particular they could achieve the universal.
With American isolationist tendencies and attitudes strong in the wake of the War, concentration on people and places American became particularly pronounced4. The processes in science found their reflection in art as well. Some critics saw Analytic Cubism as an artistic counterpart to Einsteins theory of relativity. The real world is not as it appears to the naive eye. The permanent laws of Newtonian physics do not reflect the world as it really is. In fact, in the atomic substrata, all is relative.5 The founder of Cubism is the genius of the 20th century Pablo Picasso (1881-1973).
The Term Paper on History of the Arts and Crafts Movement
The Arts and Crafts Movement of the late nineteenth century was an attempt to improve society by creating objects and architecture of a more worthwhile nature. The movement began in England in the 1870's and soon spread to the United States where it was widely employed in the arts and in architecture. Advocates promoted its use among the middle class. Its continued endorsement among all social ...
Picasso and another representative of Cubism Georges Braque opened the door to abstractionism movements of the 20th century. According to Picasso “We all know that art is not truth. Art is a lie that makes us realize truth. At least the truth that is given us to understand.”6 Cubism appeared as a challenge to conventional art. The Cubist style emphasized the flat, two-dimensional surface of the picture plane, rejecting the traditional techniques of perspective, foreshortening, modeling, and chiaroscuro and refuting time-honoured theories of art as the imitation of nature. Cubist painters were not bound to copying form, texture, colour, and space; instead, they presented a new reality in paintings that depicted radically fragmented objects, whose several sides were seen simultaneously.7 The creative work of Picasso may be divided into the several periods. The period from 1910 to 1912 is called Analytical Cubism. Some of the paintings of this period appeared to be sculptural like Girl with a Mandolin” (1910)8. The color scheme is simplified and this simplified color solution harmonizes with the general manner of painting (simplified, geometrized forms etc).
The period after 1912 is known as Synthetic Cubism. The essence of this period is in the name of the period.
Picasso tries to create the synthesis of various forms. He incorporates various forms and color schemes into his pictures of that period. The example can be “Still Life with Chair-Caning”9. In his works of that period Picasso tries to find the answers to the question what is the reality and what is the illusion. Another brilliant representative of Cubism is Georges Braque. The Braque paintings are characterized by the geometric forms, cubes, cylinders etc. In his works it is better seen the truth of Paul Cezanne statement that “Everything in nature takes its form from the sphere, the cone, and the cylinder.10 “Candlesticks and Playing Cards”11 by Georges Braque is the best example characterizing the geometric essence of Cubism.
One of the most unusual phenomenons of the 20th century was Futurism. It started not with the art works but with the ideological manifests. The leader of the new movement was Filipo Tommaso Marinetti. Futuristic movement was the first movement which had some kind of philosophical bases articulated in a series of manifests. Filipo Tommaso Marinetti being the leader of futuristic movement was eager to reshape the art. Futurism unlike other cultural movements found its manifestation in literature, poetry, music, sculpture and others.
The Essay on The Arts and Crafts Movement
The Arts and Craft movement was a social and artistic movement, which began in Britain in the second half of the nineteenth century and continued into the twentieth spreading to continental Europe and the USA. Its adherents-artists, architects, designers and Craftsmen sought to reassert the importance of and craftsmanship in all arts in the face of increasing industrialization, which they felt was ...
Marinetti expressed the major principles of Futurism including a passionate loathing of ideas from the past, especially political and artistic traditions. He and others also espoused a love of speed, technology and violence. The car, the plane, the industrial town were all legendary for the Futurists, because they represented the technological triumph of man over nature12. Futurists declared their desire to change the world. The movement was focused on the dynamic, energetic and violent character of changing 20th century life, especially city life13. Futurists glorified war; they saw the change of the world in a violent manner. The essence of philosophy of Marinetti is opposition of nature to machines, present to the past.
Marinetti opposed the fixed images to the dynamic movements. One of the followers of Marinetti was Umberto Boccioni. His ideas were based on the triumph of machines and technology over the nature. Boccioni works are based on a number of art movements. The elements of Cubism and Neo-Impressionism could be found in his works. The development of art of the 20th century is a manifestation of the society development itself.
The invention of new forms and movements was defined first of all by the social necessity to change the world. The artists were looking for new means to change the conventional order which they considered needed to be changed. Citation What is Abstract Expressionism?, Wikipedia Harley Hahn Scott A. Shields Available at http://www.huntfor.com/absoluteig/gallery.asp?acti on=viewimage&categoryid=&text=Mark+Rothko&imageid= 6112&box=&shownew= Ronald Goetz Charles Alexander Moffat Available at http://www.geocities.com/SoHo/8432/gallery/cubism/ mandolin.jpg Available at http://www.geocities.com/SoHo/8432/gallery/cubism/ davignon.jpg Cubism Available at http://abstractart.20m.com/cubism.htm Wikipedia Bibliography What is Abstract Expressionism?, available at www.jackson-pollock.com, retrieved 02.11.2005 Wikipedia, Abstract expressionism, available at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract_expressionis m, retrieved 02.11.2005 Harley Hahn, Understanding Abstract Art, available at www.harley.com, retrieved 02.11.2005 Abstract expressionism, available at http://www.huntfor.com/index.htm, retrieved 02.11.2005 Scott A. Shields, Crocker Art Museum, American Revolutions: The Other Side of Modern, 1900-1945, available at http://www.tfaoi.com/aa/2aa/2aa528.htm, retrieved 03.11.2005 Ronald Goetz, The Passion of Picasso, available at http://www.christiancentury.org/, retrieved 02.11.2005 Charles Alexander Moffat, Cubism – Art History Archive, available at http://www.geocities.com/SoHo/8432/gallery/cubism/ davignon.jpg, retrieved 2.11.2005 Cubism, available at http://abstractart.20m.com/cubism.htm, retrieved 2.11.2005 Futurism (art), From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia., available at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futurism_(art)#search Input, retrieved 2.11.2005 Futurism, available at www.futurism.org.uk , retrieved 2.11.2005.
The Essay on Cubism Art Picasso Painting
Heather Guin December 13, 1999 Cubism Before the twentieth century, art was recognized as an imitation of nature. Paintings and portraits were made to look as realistic and three-dimensional as possible, as if seen through a window. Artists were painting in the flamboyant fauvism style. French post impressionist Paul Cannes flattened still lives, and African sculptures gained in popularity in ...
