How was the Tsar able to survive the 1905 revolution?
Despite the failure of Russia in the war against Japan, the Tsarist regime survived the revolution remarkable unscathed. There are a number of reasons for this. Although a large proportion of the Russian population expressed their opposition to the Tsarist regime during events of 1905 it was not organised protest. Each group had its own grievances and separate set of demands. The nationalities in the Baltic area, the Ukraine, Poland and the south were each angry with the policy of Russification but their grievances were their own and they did not co-ordinate their activities or produce a unified programme. In Poland, Catholic landowners lead the protests; in the Baltic States, it was more likely to be ethnic Germans who felt little sense of common purpose with the Poles. The leadership for the revolution was calling for political reform and a Duma, yet were broadly liberal in their views and demands. They clearly had little common ground with the urban working class who worked for them and were exploited by them. These workers had economic aims, better conditions, shorter hours, and better pay. They organised themselves by autumn of 1905 into soviets but spent most of the year protesting in spontaneous strikes and marches. The peasants were too widely distributed and isolated to have a common organised leadership. Their protests were traditional peasant ones of burning manor records and rioting against redemption dues. They were limited to self-interested economic motives rather than any hopes for revolutionary change in the system of government. In fact, the readiness with which the liberals and the peasants accepted the government’s political and economic bribes showed that neither of these groups were really serious about revolution this lack of unity is a key reason why the Revolution ultimately failed.
The Research paper on What Is Regional Economic Integration?
Regional economic integration has enabled countries to focus on issues that are relevant to their stage of development as well as encourage trade between neighbors. There are four main types of regional economic integration. 1. Free trade area. This is the most basic form of economic cooperation. Member countries remove all barriers to trade between themselves but are free to independently ...
Another reason why the Tsar survived the crisis of 1905 was that the army, unlike the navy, stayed loyal to him. They were to play a key role in the putting down of disturbances and the reassertion of the Tsarist authority in the towns; the military was utilised to break up and imprison the leadership of the Petrograd Soviet and then fought running battles with workers in Moscow who had occupied factories. Keeping the Liberals satisfied was easy for the Tsar by dealing with the rioting peasantry, promising to progressively reduce mortgage repayments and the abandon them altogether. This did not greatly affect the Tsar as they were not being paid anyway. The immediate response to this was a drop in the number of land seizures across Russia. Following the year 1905, there was a very large increase in the number of peasant households becoming independent, although this number is still small when put into scale with the 12 million peasant households. Yet it was enough to appease the peasantry who still believed their Tsar to be a father figure in society and trusted in his making improvements and concessions.
Finally, a true revolution was avoided because the government made, intelligent concessions to two of the main opposition groups thus isolating the third; the industrial working class. The middle class were granted the October Manifesto, which established fundamental civil and political rights, extended the franchise and set up an elected parliament, the Duma that would have to agree all future laws. The peasants were eventually quieted by the declaration that payment of redemption dues was at an end. With the peasants and middle classes bought off, the army and police were set on the workers in towns. At the danger of running ahead of the scope of this essay, it must also be noted that even these concessions, which would have ended autocracy and might, therefore, be seen as revolutionary; were later withdrawn and the Fundamental Laws of 1906 largely restored the primacy of the Tsar over the Duma. Yet another way in which the events of 1905 can be shown to have yielded little in the way of long term revolutionary change.
The Essay on The Baroque Concerto Concertos Was His Opus Number 6 This Set
The Baroque Concerto Barry S. Bodine Jr. SS# 148-72-3694 Baroque Lit. Spring, 2000 Table of Contents Section Page Number Introduction 3 Emergence 3 - 4 Corelli 4 - 5 Torelli 5 Conclusion 6 Bibliography 7 Introduction In simple terms, the word "concerto" translates into "concert." Motets by Vida na, madrigals by Monteverdi as well as works by Corelli and Torelli are all described by their composers ...
In conclusion, it can be said that the Tsarist regime survived the revolution for a number of reasons, of which most prominent was foremost the divided opposition, which helped them to crush pockets of resistance. The lack of leadership also played a considerable role in assisting the Tsarist regime, as the majority of the people were unorganised and hence un-united. The groups broadcasting their ideas had no real way of actually “converting” people to their set of political beliefs. But above all, it was the power and authority that the Tsar had over his military and its sheer size which in actuality sums up the real reasoning of the survival of Tsar Nicholas II despite the attempted revolution of 1905.
