Hydrogen Hydrogen is a tasteless, odorless, colorless gas. Hydrogen is found in group 1 and period 1 on the periodic table. Hydrogen is classified as a nonmetal on the periodic table. The symbol for hydrogen is represented by an H, its atomic number is 1, and its atomic weight is 1. 0079. The hydrogen atom consists of one proton, which has a positive charge, and one electron, which has a negative charge.
The term hydrogen comes from two Greek words meaning water-former. Henry Cavendish, an English scientist, discovered it in 1766. Named by Lavoisier, hydrogen is the most abundant of all elements in the universe. The sun and many other stars consist of mostly hydrogen. It is the third most abundant element on earth.
It is estimated that hydrogen makes up more than 90% of all the atoms or three quarters of the mass of the universe. Hydrogen plays an important part in powering the universe though both the proton-proton reaction and carbon-nitrogen cycle. Hydrogen occurs in almost all organic compounds. Many of the compounds found in plant and animal tissues are organic. Production of hydrogen in the U. S.
alone now amounts to about 3 billion cubic feet per year. Some of the methods that hydrogen is prepared by are steam on heated carbon, decomposition of certain hydrocarbons with heat, action of sodium or potassium hydroxide on aluminum, or displacement from acids by certain metals. Hydrogen may be condensed to a liquid that boils at -257. 87^0 C and freezes at -259. 14^0 C. Hydrogen gas has the lowest density of any known substance.
The Essay on Changes of Universe
... creation of the universe, protons, and neautrons began to react with each other to form deuterium, an isotope of hydrogen. Most scientists believe ... of the universe. After further cooling, these excesses proton would be able to capture an electron to create a common hydrogen. Known as ...
At 20^0 C, the gas has a density of 0. 00008375 gram per cubic cm. Hydrogen gas is only slightly soluble in water. It is not poisonous. Hydrogen has three isotopes called protium, deuterium, and tritium. Tritium is radioactive and has been uses in the hydrogen bomb.
In the laboratory, hydrogen can be produced by the electrolysis of water. Hydrogen combines directly with several of the most active elements, but most hydrogen compounds are made by indirect methods. Mixtures of hydrogen and oxygen explode violently when ignited by a spark. When there is air or oxygen with hydrogen’s presence, hydrogen burns with a hot flame and forms water.
Chlorine burns in hydrogen and forms a colorless gas called HCl. Ammonia, whose symbol is NH 3, is made by combining hydrogen and nitrogen. Other hydrogen compounds prepared indirectly include hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2), acetic acid (CH 3 COOH), and ethyl alcohol (C 2 H 2 OH).
Hydrogen also combines directly with a variety of compounds. In the presence of a catalyst at high temperature and pressure, hydrogen combines with carbon monoxide to form methanol or wood alcohol (CH 3 OH).
Hydrogen also unites with liquid fats to form solid fats through a process called hydrogenation.
Many hydrogen compounds, such as ammonia, ethyl alcohol, and hydrogen peroxide, have extensive industrial uses. Hydrogen is also a good reducing agent and is used to recover some metals from their compounds. Hydrogen’s ability to produce heat when united with oxygen makes it a good fuel or fuel enhancer. They hydrogen fuel cell is a developing technology that will allow great amounts of electrical power to be obtained using a source of hydrogen gas. Hydrogen fuel powers the main engine of the orbiter in the United States space shuttle system. Also, a power plant in New York City is already using hydrogen fuel to produce electricity..
