The post-revolutionary war period of the Unites States saw the establishment of the first party system and an enlarging gap in viewpoints between the wealthy and the common man. The contradictory views of Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson were primarily responsible for the rise of political parties from 1783-1800. Alexander Hamilton exerted the most influence in the new Federalist Party. He believed that only an enlightened ruling class could produce a stable and effective federal government. The government therefore needed the support of wealthy men. Thomas Jefferson and the Republicans defended more the rights of the common man and an agrarian society with little power from the federal government.
His basic principle was ‘in general I believe the decisions of the people in a body will be more honest and more disinterested than those of wealthy men.’ The Republican Party attracted more of the common people while the Federalist Party drew support from the aristocracy. Although neither side was willing to admit to it, these institutions were known as the ‘first party system.’ Both parties stance on who should have more power in the government contributed to the largely divers views of the common man and the wealthy man. When the French Revolution grew to its most radical peak the Federalists reacted with horror as citizens overthrew the aristocracy. In launching the New Ship of State Hamilton said, ‘The cause of France is compared with that of America during its late Revolution.
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In the last year alone fifty five percent of women around the world were suffering from depression, nausea and stroke. Even worse five women out of ten are committing suicide. All of these cases and many more happening around the world and are raising a lot questions. These problems can not just be coincidences, they most have a case that is present all over the world. The most probable reason is ...
I own I do not like the comparison… well informed men must equally unite in the doubt whether this [free and good government] be likely to take place.’ Thomas Jefferson’s response was ‘I still hope the Revolution will issue happily… The livery of the whole earth was depending on the issue of the contest, and was ever such a prize won with so little innocent blood?’ Many Republicans even imitated French Jacobins in dress and in speaking. The difference between the Federalist and Republican social philosophies is most easily seen among their different reactions to the French Revolution. Federalists called for a national debt to be funded and hoped to create a large national bank credited by wealthy men. He defended it in a plan presented to Congress by claiming ‘where the authority of the government is general it can create corporations…
we must employ all the means which relate to its regulation to the best and greatest advantage.’ Jefferson and the Republican felt the bank was unconstitutional and his opinion on the Constitutionality of a National Bank (1791) read ‘I consider the foundation of the Constitution as laid that ‘all powers’ not delegated to the United States by the Constitution are reserved to the people… the incorporation of a bank has not been delegated to the United States by the Constitution.’ Hamilton’s rebuttal can be seen in a letter to George Washington that reads, ‘It is not denied that there are implied as well as express powers [in the Constitution] and that the former are as effectually delegated as the latter.’ Both parties reaction to the Constitutionality of a national bank show their contrasting beliefs in how the strictly the Constitution was to be interpreted. Federalists also called for an excise tax to be placed on distillers of alcohol. Hamilton argued in Overawing the Whiskey Boys that ‘you have said ‘the Congress shall have the power to lay excises to pay the debts and provide for common defense’ you have then pronounced and decreed that your representatives in Congress shall have the power to lay such an excise and nothing since to reverse or impair that decree.’ The Whiskey Rebellion was the inevitable consequence of the enactment of this tax.
The Term Paper on Augustus The Age Republican Government
The age of Augustus (31 B. C~A. D. 14) During the Conflict of Orders, the lower class Romans, or plebians, forced the upper class Romans, known as patricians, to give them more rights and liberties (Hadas 1969). The Republican government in Rome was established to satisfy the plebians, while still leaving a majority of the control with the patricians. Octavian Augustus (63 B. C. ~14 A. D. ) is ...
The Republicans did not believe the excise to be constitutional and celebrated the Whiskey Rebellion. The Federalist political cartoon ‘Mad Tom in a Rage’ portrayed Thomas Jefferson as a liquor soaked anarchist aided by the devil in order to bring the government down. The reactions to the Whiskey Rebellion reflect how the Federalists and Republicans differed in their interpretation of the Constitution. When the Federalists tried to silence the Republican opposition the result was the Alien and Sedition Acts. The Alien Act reads ‘Be it enacted…
to order all such aliens as he shall judge dangerous to the peace and safety of the United States… to depart out of the territory.’ As a result many Republicans found much of its support. The Sedition Act Read ‘That if any person shall write, print, utter, or publish… scandalous and malicious writings against the government of the United States… such person shall be punished.’ The Sedition Act convicted ten men most of whom were Republicans news editors criticizing Federal government.
The Republicans interpreted these laws as an attempt to destroy them and fought back with the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions. These read ‘the Alien and Sedition Acts exercise a power nowhere delegated to the Federal government… this commonwealth does declare that the said Alien and Sedition Acts are violations of the said Constitution.’ The resolutions nullified the laws and contributed to the rise of Republicanism and the fall of Federalism. The differing opinions on how the government in the post-Revolutionary war period should be run ultimately created the first rise in political parties.
The Federalist belief in a government run by wealthy men and opposing Republican support for and agrarian society split the nations people in support of a government most beneficial to them. Differing reactions to the French Revolution showed the distinct difference in Federalist and Republican belief of who the government should be run under. The National Bank and the excise tax on liquor revealed differing views on how strictly the Constitution should be interpreted and the Alien and Sedition Acts reveal an attempt of one party to dissolve another. The contrasting views of Hamilton’s Federalism and Jefferson’s Republicanism were the ultimate contributors to splitting the nation on views and establishing the first political parties.
The Essay on Local Government Act Bill Zealand Business
Two controversial bills opposed by business have been passed into law by Parliament. The Health and Safety in Employment Amendment Bill takes effect on May 5 and most of the Local Government Bill takes effect in July. Local Government Forum chairman Rob McLagan said businesses would see the bills, with a boost in the minimum wage revealed this week, as negative and not helping New Zealand return ...
