Juan Domingo Peron Juan Domingo Peron firstly appeared on Argentinean political scene back in June, 1943. He was a strong man and with the help of military junta they took the power in the state. Previously unknown, save among a clique of army nationalists, he was to become thereafter the pivot around which Argentinas power struggles would revolve for the next three decades. Even today, more than a decade after his death, a powerful political party backed by the trade union movement bears his name. His speeches and writings are still quoted as gospel by many thousands of Argentines, who nevertheless cannot agree on whether he was a revolutionary of the Left, a champion of the patriotic Right, or a pragmatic reformer who instinctively avoided extremes. By contrast, those who hated Peron during his lifetime agree that he was a demagogue and a tyrant who ruined the countrys economy, wasted its resources, and stirred up class hatred.
Whatever view one takes of Peron, there is no denying that, for good or evil, he left his imprint on Argentina. The essential facts about his political career are fairly well known. As head of a secret army lodge called the Group of United Officers (GOU), he helped to mastermind the June 1943 coup and occupied a prominent place in the resulting military government. As under secretary of war, he was in charge of military promotions and assignments, and he used the post to consolidate his power. As secretary of labor and social welfare, he employed all the power of a dictatorial state to overcome opposition to long-overdue labor legislation and to build up powerful unions personally attached to him in every economic field. These became the mass base for the Peronist movement.
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In 1946 he was elected president of Argentina and was reelected in 1952. Those years constituted a watershed in the countrys history in terms of the expansion of government power over the economy, social reform legislation, and the strengthening of the labor movement. The changes that Peron brought about created such opposition, however, that he was finally forced out of office by a military revolt in 1955. But even while he was in exile, Perons charisma enabled him to control a mass following in Argentina, and with that he was able to prevent any other leader from governing effectively. A political stalemate resulted, lasting from 1955 to 1973, during which the economy stagnated and the anti-Peronist opposition fragmented. Violence spread and became uncontrollable. Finally, in 1973, Peron returned in triumph to Argentina and resumed the presidency, hailed as a savior by practically every segment of the society.
He was seventy-seven. It was a remarkable comeback that capped the career of one of the most extraordinary politicians Latin America has ever produced. He died in office the following year. On October 17 1950, Peron delivered from the balcony of the Pink House, Head government building, to the multitude united in Mayo Square, the essentials of the Peronist doctrine. These are 20 ideals that would eventually become the essential platform of the Justicialist party. The true democracy is that in which the government does what People want, and defends but only one interest: That of the People. Peronism is essentially a popular movement.
Every political circle is anti-popular, therefore not Peronist. The Peronist follower works for the movement. He, who works on its behalf but does it for a simple circle, or person, is a Peronist but only by name. For Peronism there is only one kind of person: He who works. In the new Argentina, working is a right that assures the dignity of all men, and it is also an obligation, because it is fair for every man to produce at least what he consumes. For a Peronist there can be nothing better than another Peronist.
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Social, Political and Economic Effects of WWI Essay submitted by Unknown "Everywhere in the world was heard the sound of things breaking." Advanced European societies could not support long wars or so many thought prior to World War I. They were right in a way. The societies could not support a long war unchanged. The First World War left no aspect of European civilization untouched as pre-war ...
No Peronist should believe himself to be superior to what really he is, nor less than what he could be. When a Peronist begins to believe to be someone superior, he becomes an oligarch. In political action, the value scale of every Peronist is the following: First the homeland, then the movement, then the men. Politics is not for us an end in itself, but only the means for benefit of the Nation, which is the happiness of its children and its own greatness. The two arms of Peronism are social justice and social aid. With these we embrace the People with justice and love.
Peronism seeks national unity and not fight or struggle. It wishes heroes but not martyrs. In the new Argentina the only privileged ones are the workers. A government without a doctrine is a body without a soul. That is why Peronism has its own political and social doctrine: Justicialism. Justicialism is a new philosophy of life, simple, pragmatic, deeply Christian, and deeply humanistic. As a political doctrine, Justicialism seeks the balance between the rights of the individual and the rights of the community.
As an economical doctrine, Justicialism seeks a social economy, placing the capital in service of the economy and this in benefit of social welfare. As a social doctrine, Justicialism seeks social justice which entitles every man to its rights in accordance to the society. We want a socially just Argentina, economically free and politically sovereign. We constitute a centralized government, an organized state, and a free nation. In this land our best asset is the People. These principles constitute the doctrinal platform of Peronism.
We must go into the street and preach this doctrine Peron said in his political conduction class not teach but preach. I mean you must make people know it, understand it and feel it. That is preaching. Preaching is not saying. Saying is very easy: preaching is very hard. However, one question that has to be answered is whether Peronism is completely a new doctrine or not simply a modification or molding of more traditional regimes. The rise of Juan Peron was as Vadney put it a lucky break. As a result of the coup in 1943, few of the officers involved had any better ideas about how to manage the new political classes that had been forming over the last several decades.
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But one among their number did. This was Juan Peron. As a member of the War Department, Peron was in a position to influence appointments in the army and thus to increase his personal following among the officer corps. And the Labor Department provided an opportunity to cultivate the masses, mainly by intervening in strikes to win settlements favorable to the working class and by co-opting the trade union leadership. He promoted the expansion of labor organization as a way of furthering his own political ambitions. At Perons prodding, the military government also improved health and retirement benefits for the working class, and provided for job security, workplace inspections, and paid vacations and holidays. Peron saw the necessity of a new political strategy, one that would satisfy the masses, if stability were ever to be more than a mere chimera he believed that the people could not be ignored any longer.
He has been described as a charismatic figure, at ease with the common folk, Peron was also a demagogue, and he proved quite willing to use force and terror against his enemies a trait of a communist if not totalitarian regime. However, this was all before he even became President and once he did he managed to consolidate his power by using the post-war boom. Accumulated credits from wartime sales also helped. However, the good times lasted until about 1950. However, most importantly, the government embarked upon a new program of industrialization. The idea was to expand the domestic market which would be a gain for Argentinean entrepreneurs, labor and the urban middle class i.e.
Perons principal supporters. Furthermore, in 1947 Peron issued a symbolic declaration of economic independence from foreign domination, and the next year the government bought control of the countrys railways and assumed ownership of most of the banking, insurance, shipping, grain elevator and communications sector. More importantly, it promoted a state agency to take over the marketing of the countrys key exports and the purchase of imports, and to guide the reallocation of resources from the rural to the urban sectors. One key and dominant aspect of his regime was coercion and terror, While Peronism cultivated an image of social progress, and they also backed this up with a heavy dose of repression. The strategy was to trade social welfare for civil liberties. For example, the Peronists deployed gangs called the descamisados, which were much like Mussolinis Black Shirts or Hitlers Brown Shirts, to discipline the regimes enemies. In fact the methods were the same as in the Nazi era, that of beatings, destruction of property and other forms of terrorism.
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One could therefore easily evaluate that Peronism had elements of Fascism too, with the certain involvement of terrorism being dominant and as James Scobie cited in his book Argentina a city and a nation he too agreed that Peron could not tolerate opposition. Labor union leaders who challenged his ….
