Are made of animal cells * No cell walls * Eukaryotic. Lysosomes, centrioles. Flagella, cilia * Multicellular * Heterotrophic * Chemotrophic * They are either: 1. Invertebrates * Have no back bone 2. Vertebrates Things to classify Animals: 1. Feeding 2. Respiration 3. Internal Transport 4. Excretion 5. Response 6. Movement 7. Reproduction Phylum Porifera * The flagella move water into the sponge * Cells collect nutrients in the water before it leaves the sponge * Internal transport> have cells like amoeboids to crawl around; hands out nutrients 1. Reproduction It is a hermaphrodite * Can do budding (Asexual) * Sexual reproduction * Keeps eggs inside and send out millions of sperm 2. Response * Does not usually respond 3. Exertion * Pees in the water 4. Movement * Does not move 5. Feeding *
Drinks water and filters for nutrients 6. Internal Transport * Importance: * Homes for marine fish and worms Trends in Animals * More complex, specialized cells which form tissues and organs * Radial>bilateral symmetry * Cephalization is the centration of sense organs in the anterior region * The rear end is the posterior The Dorsal is the back * The ventral is the front Phylum Cnidaria * Example jellyfish * Have two forms * * * Tentacles have nematocysts which are poisons filled sacs with a coiled needle * Mouth is entrance and exit. Many jellyfish have symbiosis with photosynthetic protists. Jellyfish have no brains but have a simple reserve net to coordinate tentacle movement. * Many also have photoreceptors so they can swim towards the light * For reproduction, they do external fertilization * They have a very simple nervous system * Gastro vascular cavity is a method for respiration
The Essay on Cell Membrane Electron Transport Chain Biochemical Pathway
1. The cell membrane structure is vital to the life of the cell. The cell membrane is shaped as having a phosphate head at the very outer surface, and two fatty acid tails hanging from it. The membrane is double, so at the tip of the fatty acid tails, there are two more fatty acid tails attached to another phosphate head. This is what it looks like: The reason the cell membrane is shaped like this ...
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Herbivores-locusts 2. Carnivores-spiders 3. Detrivores-crabs 4. Parasites- ticks, fleas * Respiration 1. Gills 2. Book Gills 3. Tracheal Tubes * Network of empty tubes carrying air around the animal (need to keep moving) * Excretion * Specialized structure called Malpighian tubules * Removing nitrogenous wastes * Internal Transport * Well-developed heart pumps blood through an open circulatory system * Blood does not necessarily carry oxygen * Movement * Exoskeletons pose problems for movement * To deal with this, they have joints * Strung muscles pull on exoskeleton * Response Brain made from multiple ganglia with a nerve cord * Compound eyes * Many chemical receptors * Very coordinated movement * Great detection of air or water currents * Many can hear and have eardrums * Can communicated * Honey Bees * Uses a “figure 8” walk in order to communicate * Size of the “figure 8” demonstrated the distance * Reproduction * Insects: * it is usually sexual with separate male and female individuals * Meet by advertising using bright colours, sounds, or odours * Crustaceans: * Male uses specials appendages to transfer sperm to the female * Chelicerta: Female spider keep sperm until their eggs are mature Echinoderm (Spiny Skin) *
Eg: Sea stars * Doral Side Doral Side Internal skeleton made of CaCO3 * They look radically symmetrically * Dorsal side is spiked and ventral side has a mouth * Most important system is their water vascular system * water vascular system is responsible for * Feeding * Respiration * Internal transport * Elimination * Tube feet in the water vascular system can suck water in the sea star * * Feeding: * Tube feet can filter feed ocean water * Like to eat bivalves * Muscles in arms open the shell * Use tube feet to stick Sea stars stomach shots out and easts the inside of the bivalve * 1 way digestive system * Stomach is connected to intestines running down each arm * Respiration: * Tube feet do respiration * Response: * Have a nerve ring (no brain) with radical nerves running down each arm * Photoreceptor * Detect light * Statocyst * Detect if it is ventral or dorsal facing the top * Internal Transport” * WVS moves water throughout like sea star carrying nutrients and wastes * Reproduction: * Sexual but are excellent at regenerating (also asexual) * Excretion: * Tube feet remove ammonia
The Term Paper on Water Distribution System
CHAPTER 8 WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS Distribution system is a network of pipelines that distribute water to the consumers. They are designed to adequately satisfy the water requirement for a combination of o Domestic o Commercial o Industrial o Fire fighting purposes. A good distribution system should satisfy the followings: o Adequate water pressure at the consumer's taps for a specific ...
