Lawrence Ferlinghetti is an American poet best known as a leader of the beat movement of the 1950’s. The beats were writers who condemned commercialism and middle-class American values. Ferlinghetti writes in colloquial free verse. His poetry describes the need to release literature and life from conformity and timidity. He believes drugs, Zen Buddhism, and emotional and physical love can open the soul to truth and beauty. Lawrence Ferlinghetti was born in Yonkers, New York, in 1919.
After spending his early childhood in France, he received his B. A. from the University of North Carolina, an M. A.
from Columbia University, and a Ph. D. from the Sorbonne. During World War II he served in the US Naval Reserve and was sent to Nagasaki shortly after it was bombed. He married in 1951 and has one daughter and one son. In 1953, Ferlinghetti and Peter Martin began to publish City Lights magazine.
They also opened the City Lights Books Shop in San Francisco to help support the magazine. In 1955, they launched City Light Publishing, a book-publishing venture. City Lights became known as the heart of the ‘Beat’ movement, which included writers such as Kenneth Rexroth, Gary Snyder, Allen Ginsberg, and Jack Kerouac. Ferlinghetti is the author of more than thirty books of poetry. He has translated the work of a number of poets including Nica nor Parra, Jacques Prevent, and Pier Paolo Paolini. Ferlinghetti is also the author of two novels and of more than eight plays.
The Essay on Civil War City Socrates Book
Heather Thomas Honors Philosophy Sean Foran November 16, 2000 War in Relation to Justice, Injustice, and the Just City Beginning in Book I Socrates states clearly that injustice causes war and justice causes the opposite, but by Book V he seems to have a completely different perspective on whether war is just or not. His mind apparently begins to change in Book II when he introduces the second ...
In 1994, San Francisco renamed a street in his honor. He was also named the first Poet Laureate of San Francisco in 1998. In 2000, he received the lifetime achievement award from the National Book Critics Circle. Currently, Ferlinghetti writes a weekly column for the San Francisco Chronicle. He also continues to operate the City Lights bookstore, and he travels frequently to participate in literary conferences and poetry readings. Lawrence Ferlinghetti writes in free verse, a style of poetry that does not follow traditional rules of poetry composition.
In writing free verse, poets avoid such usual elements as regular meter or rhyme. Instead, they vary the lengths of lines, use irregular numbers of syllables in lines, and employ odd breaks at the end of each line. They also use irregular accents and rhythms and uneven rhyme schemes. But free verse is not free from all form.
It does use such basic poetic techniques as alliteration and repetition. Free verse first flourished during the 1800’s when the romantic poets adopted the style. Using the style effectively, the American poet Walt Whitman is often considered the father of free verse. In the early 1900’s, a movement in poetry called imagism began using free verse. By the mid-1900’s, free verse had become the standard verse form in poetry, especially in the works of such American poets as Robert Lowell, Theodore Roethke, and William Carlos Williams. At face value, Lawrence Ferlinghetti’s “Constantly Risking Absurdity” is an elaborate simile comparing being a poet to being an acrobat on a tightrope.
It could be that a poet bases his musings on his own perception of reality, or truth. So, he ‘must perforce perceive taut truth,’ or, he has to have an accurate perception of reality on which to base his poetry-a common alphabet with which to write and be understood. A false perception of truth would provide an unstable pad from which to launch his ideas, therefore his poetry would not make sense to anyone but himself. It would seem absurd to anyone outside his head, like someone speaking a different language.
Poetry, like art, or music, or language, or any fine art, is most importantly about communication. You cannot communicate if nobody knows what you are talking about. That word ‘taut’ refers to ‘correct’ truth, or a correct perception of reality, and is in keeping with the simile of the acrobat. The acrobat must correctly place his foot on the ‘taut’ rope to make that next step, at the risk of falling to his death.
The Term Paper on On Lesbian Poetry Grahn Women Poets
Mary J. Carruthers This essay chiefly considers four volumes of poetry, three published in 1978 and one the previous year. They are Adrienne Rich's The Dream of a Common Language, Audre Lorde's The Black Unicorn (which includes poems published earlier in a chapbook called Between Our Selves), Judy Grahn's The Work of a Common Woman (a collection of poems previously published by the Feminist Press ...
The poet must correctly base his musings on ‘taut’ truth to make possible a common understanding with the reader, at the risk of being misunderstood and ignored, or literary death. Lawrence Ferlinghetti’s “Two Scavengers in a Truck, Two Beautiful People in a Mercedes” contrasts the people in various ways. The wealthy couple is on their way to the man’s place of work, while the “scavengers” are coming home, having worked through the early hours. The couple in the Mercedes is clean and cool; the scavengers are dirty. But while one scavenger is old, hunched and with grey hair, the other is about the same age as the Mercedes driver and, like him, has long hair and sunglasses. The older man is depicted as the opposite of beautiful-he is compared both to a gargoyle and to Quasimodo, the main character in Victor Hugo’s novel.
The poem moves to an ambiguous conclusion. The two scavengers see the young couple, not as real people, but as characters in a “TV ad / in which everything is always possible”-as if, that is, with determination and effort, the scavengers could change their own lifestyle for the better. But the adjective “odorless” suggests that this is a fantasy-and their smelly truck is the reality. A prominent voice of the wide-open poetry movement that began in the 1950 s, Lawrence Ferlinghetti has written poetry, translation, fiction, theater, art criticism, film narration, and essays. Often concerned with politics and social issues, Ferlinghetti’s poetry countered the literary elite’s definition of art and the artist’s role in the world.
Though imbued with the commonplace, his poetry cannot be simply described as personal protest, for it stands on his craftsmanship and grounding in tradition. Perhaps one of the most volatile and creative times in post-modern literature, the Beat sub-culture today is looked back upon as a very glorious period. Ferlinghetti remains one of the most notable writers from those times and his writings are still widely read and appreciated today. Bibliography Lawrence Ferlinghetti…
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Paul Lawrence Dunbar, was the first important African American Poet in American Literature and the first poet to write of both a black and white audience in a time when efforts were being made to re-establish slavery. He was also ?the first African-American poet to garner national critical acclaim?(43). During his short lifetime Dunbar became known as the ?poet laureate of African Americans? ( ...
Lawrence Ferlinghetti at the Blue Neon Alley… Lawrence Ferlinghetti – bio and links… Literary Kicks: Lawrence Ferlinghetti.
