Literature Choose six of the following approaches and find one article for each approach. o Writing: One page per article 2 pigs summary Critical approaches important in the study of literature: MORAL/Intellectual Concerned with content and value so Used not only to discover meaning, but also to determine whether works of literature are both true and significant. o To study lit from this perspective is to determine whether a work conveys a lesson or a message and whether it can help readers lead better lives and improve their understanding of the world. o Answer these questions: What ideas does the work contain? How strongly does the work bring forth its ideas? What application do the ideas have to the work’s characters and situations? How may the ideas be evaluated intellectually? Morally? TOPICAL/Historical Stresses the relationship of lit to its historical period Investigates relationships of this sort, including the elucidation of words and concepts that today’s readers may not immediately understand.
o Common criticism is that in the extreme, it deals with background knowledge rather than with lit itself. NEW CRITICAL/FORMALIST o Focuses on literary texts as formal works of art, and for this reason it can be seen as a reaction against the topical / historical approach. o Most brilliant in the formal analysis of smaller units such as poems and short passages. o Discussions of point of view, tone, plot, character, and structure are formal ways of looking at lit from this point of view. STRUCTURALIST o Stems from the attempt to find relationships and connections among elements that appear to be separate and discrete. o Attempts to discover the forms unifying all li to Important because it enables critics to discuss works from widely disparate cultures and historical periods.
The Term Paper on Conceptual Art Work Object Idea
MODULE TITLE: perspective on practice MA ART AND DESIGN NET WORK 2002/2003 PAINTING YAN ZHENG conceptual art explained Art has always been arises out of previous art, pertinacious survival, and development of traditions. The succession of step from Impressionism, through Cubism, Matisse and Mondrian, up to Abstract Expressionism could be seen as a development of the means and possibilities of ...
o Furnishes an ideal approach for comparative lit and the method also enables critics to consolidate genres such as modern romances, detective tales, soap operas and film. o Best in the analysis of narratives and larger units. Feminist Holds that most of lit presents a masculine / patriarchal view in which the role of women is negated or at best minimized. o Seeks to raise consciousness about the importance and unique nature of women in lit. ECONOMIC DETERMINIST/MARXIST o Features individuals in the grips of the class struggle. o Often called proletarian li to Emphasizes persons of the lower class – the poor and oppressed who spend their lives in endless drudgery and misery, and whose attempts to rise above their disadvantages usually result in renewed suppression.
PSYCHOLOGICAL/PSYCHOANALYTIC o Provided a new key to the understanding of character by claiming that behavior is caused by hidden unconscious motives. o Treat lit somewhat like information about patients in therapy. ARCHETYPAL/SYMBOLIC/MYTHIC o Presupposes that human life is built up out of patterns, or archetypes, that are similar throughout various cultures and historical times. o Used to support the claim that the very best lit is grounded in archetypal patterns. o Looks for archetypes such as God’s creation of human beings, the sacrifice of a hero, or the search for paradise. DECONSTRUCTIONIST o Produces a type of analysis that stresses ambiguity and contradiction.
o Assumes that there is no central truth because circumstances and time, which are changeable and sometimes arbitrary, govern the world of the intellect. o There is not one correct interpretation, but only interpretations, with each one possessing its own validity. READER-Response Rooted in the branch of philosophy that deals with the understanding of how things appear (phenomenology).
The Essay on Heart Of Darkness-the Contrast Between Light And Dark
... dark and evil images are those of light, which blind the reader of the atrocities in which modern man ... p118). This continued reference to light is made to symbolize to the reader the beauty and absence of ... revelation that natives killed him. This leaves the reader with the idea that the natives are savage ... him for their own”? (Conrad p84) To the reader this is a direct and blunt question. This ...
o Holds that the readier is a necessary third party in the author-text-reader relationship that constitutes literary work. The work is not fully created until readers make a transaction with it by assimilating it and actualizing it in the light of their own knowledge and experience..
