M 252 81 mm Mortar INTRODUCTION: Good morning, my name is your name and my period of instruction is on the M 252 81 mm Mortar. We will cover some basic mortar knowledge including nomenclatures, rates of fire, and weight. We will also cover the mission of an 81 mm mortar platoon and how that platoon is configured. The purpose of this period of instruction is to provide you with basic information and working knowledge of the 81 mm mortar. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: a. TERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVE: To familiarize you with the main components and characteristics of the 81 mm mortar.
b. ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVES: a. State the three main components of the mortar and their nomenclature. b. State the weights of the three main components of the mortar. c.
State the maximum range of an 81 mm mortar. METHOD / MEDIA: I will use the lecture method and the mortar you see in front of you. There will be no post test after this period of instruction. Are there any questions about your learning objectives or the method and media? TRANSITION: Now if there are no questions for me let’s get into the nuts and bolts of this period of instruction. BODY: MISSION: The 81 mm mortar platoon is commonly called the battalion commander’s hip pocket artillery.
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It is called this because 81’s are foot mobile, are on target faster, and more accurate than artillery. The mission of the 81 mm mortar platoon is to provide continuous indirect fire support to the infantry battalion and it’s subordinate elements in the offense and defense. CHARACTERISTICS: The M 252 81 mm mortar is a smooth bore, muzzle loaded, high angle of fire weapon. Smooth bore meaning it has no lands and grooves like a rifle barrel.
Muzzle loaded, because you insert a round into the muzzle of the cannon, allowing gravity to pull the round down, striking the firing pin. High angle of fire because it is capable of firing from within defilade, over hills, and other obstructions. COMPONENTS: The M 252 81 mm mortar consists of three main components, and a dovetail slot sight. They are: M 253 Cannon (barrel): The M 253 cannon consists of the barrel, sealed at the lower end with a removable breech plug that houses a removable firing pin. At the muzzle end is a cone-shaped Blast Attenuator Device (BAD) that is fitted to reduce noise. M 177 Mount (bipod): The M 177 mount is composed of 3 main assemblies.
They are: the leg assembly, the traversing gear assembly, and the barrel clamp assembly. M 3 A 1 Baseplate: The M 3 A 1 base plate is of one-piece construction. It supports and aligns the mortar for firing. During firing, the breech plug on the barrel is sealed and locked to the rotate able socket in the base plate.
M 64 A 1 Dovetail Slot Sight: The M 64 A 1 sight is provided for laying the mortar. The cross level vial is used to ensure that the sight and mortar are kept upright. By using the telescope, deflection scales, and cross level vial, the mortar is laid for direction. By using the elevation scales, elevation vial, and cross level vial, the mortar is laid for elevation.
The sight is illuminated by tritium gas. After the sight has been set for deflection and elevation, the mortar is elevated or depressed until the elevation bubble is level. The mortar is then traversed until a proper sight picture is seen (using the aiming posts), and the cross level bubble is level. The mortar is laid for deflection and elevation when all bubbles are level, and a correct sight picture is obtained. Major Parts: The sight unit has two major parts. They are the elbow telescope and the telescope mount.
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The elbow telescope is a fixed power 1. 5 power sight. It consists of a clamping mechanism, rubberized eye shield and the telescope itself. The elbow telescope is considered the sight unit’s upper section. The telescope mount consists of a course deflection scale, and fine deflection scale, a course elevation scale, and a fine elevation scale.
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS: WEIGHT: Barrel (w/BAD) 35 lbs. Bipod 27 lbs. Baseplate 29 lbs. ELEVATION: Elevation 0600 – 1600 mils Per each turn of elevation 10 mils Total cranks on elevation crank 50. 5 turns DEFLECTION: Right or Left from center traverse 100 mils Total deflection 6400 mils (360 degrees) Traversing 28. 5 turns (left to right) Minor adjustment 25 turns PERFORMANCE: Maximum range 5733 meters Minimum range 100 meters Danger close (training) 400 meters RATE OF FIRE: Sustained 15 rounds per minute Maximum 30 rounds per minute PERSONNEL: The personnel of a mortar platoon are tactically deployed in one of three places: 1.
Mortar Position 2. Fire Direction Center (FDC) 3. Forward Observer Teams (FO) QUESTIONS: QUESTIONS FROM THE CLASS: Q. Where is the dovetail slot located? A: On the bipeds. QUESTIONS TO THE CLASS: If you have no additional questions for me, then I have some questions for you. Q.
What is the nomenclature of the cannon? A. M 253 Q. What is the maximum range of the 81 mm mortar? A. 5733 meters. SUMMARY: Today we have covered the basic components, the characteristics, where personnel are located, and the mission of the 81 mm mortar platoon. With this valuable information you now have some basic knowledge of the 81 mm mortar and how it works.
References: FM 23-90 Mortars FM 23-91 Mortar Gunnery Marine Corps Institute 03. 22 M 252 81 mm Mortar Crewman Marine Corps Institute 03. 31 81 mm Mortar NCO (Non-Commissioned Officer.
