in political since, Federalism is defined as a government decided between two or more levels of power. the united states of america is one of the nations that utilizes such system. the United States system is a three level government. Politian’s are decided on how to represent the system. some say that it is a layered system where the federal government is on top, followed by the state government, then the local govern emt.
this model suggests that there is a chain of power where the federal government has to go through the state government in order to interact with the local government and vice versa. however, it is evident that this is not the case. one example is when the local government apply for federal loans without referring to the state governments. another example is when the federal government reaches to the local government directly without the state government in the middle, such cases arise when there are natural disasters, federal law enforcement, and / or any other demanding situation. other politicians argued that due to these, the layered federalism does not well represent the govern emt system, thus, they came up with the marcel-cake.
The Essay on Unitary and federal systems
... system, medical service and the local government themselves. This means that national government transferred some jurisdictions to the local government which is the characteristic of the federal system. ... on how the power between different types of governments (federal and the state) is shared. Unitary system is one where control is focused in ...
the marble-cake is a parameter the encloses the whole system, in which the level in question is then represented by geometric symbols that has interaction with the other two levels. in the united states, the marble-cake is the one widely used to represent the government system. this is due to its and most important relative accuracy. the state of texas also utilizes the marble-cake system is it better represents the government system. I tend to agree more with the marble-cake system as it not only shows the interaction between the levels, but also shows the fact that even the citizens have the opportunity to communicate directly with the federal. this can be easy proven by showing how easy it is for the normal citizen to interact with federal law enforcement agency, or the Federal Aviation Association (FAA).
however, in my opinion, both had problems. where the layered federal sim system’s lack of accuracy is discussed earlier, the marble-cake is not the perfect solution. this is due to the that one might get confused over which level has the highest word. I see the solution to both problems is by modifying the layered system. the modification can be easy done by drawing arrows that goes directly from the federal level to the local level, and vice versa. the outcome will show a layered system that clearly puts the local system in the base as it is the system that fulfils the basic needs for the citizen.
then the state level on top of the local level, and the federal level on the top. also, one needs to vary the thickness of the layers to show the volume of interaction between the layers. where this representation is very v age due to the fact that there needs to be a better for the degrees of interaction between each layer and the US citizens (i. e. if the local government interacts the most with the citizen, then it needs to have the thick es layer).
