Table of Contents
Pictures 3Birth Date and Birth Place 4Early Life 4Schooling 4Family 4Accomplishments 4Hardships 5Later Life and Death 5Bibliography 6
Pictures
Birth Date and Birth Place
Maria Theresa, the eldest daughter of the Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI and Elizabeth Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, was born in Vienna on May 13, 1717.
Early Life
When the only son of Charles VI died and left no heir to the throne, Charles furthered the Pragmatic Sanction. The Pragmatic Sanction is a royal act, which allowed a female to inherit the territories of the Habsburg. In 1736 Maria Theresa married Francis Stephen of Lorraine. The marriage of Maria to Francis was one of love, which was very unlike many in that time. The French strongly opposed the marriage of Lorraine lands to the Habsburg lands and demanded that he give up his ancestral rights of Lorraine for the succession of Tuscany.
Schooling
Maria Theresa did not have much schooling in politics, so when her father died on October 17, 1740, she was ill prepared. She had never had book-learned education and was only taught the proper etiquette and court manners that the ladies of her time learned.
Family
Maria Theresa and Francis Stephen had sixteen children, only ten of them survived. Maria loved her children very much, even though they were rebellious and often irritated her greatly. After they moved away she still kept in tight correspondence, and gave them wise advise. Her children became famous well-known people such as, the later Emperors Joseph II, Leopold II, and the later queen of France, Marie-Antoinette. Maria’s favorite out of all her many children was Maria Christina, who was the only one allowed to marry for love to Prince Albert of Saxony-Teschen, and was showered with vast gifts of money.
The Term Paper on Maria Theresa 2
Maria Theresa (1717-1780) was Holy Roman empress from 1740 to 1780. Ruling in the most complicated period of Austrian history, she modernized her dominions and saved them from closure. In 1736 Maria Theresa was permitted to marry for love. Her choice was Duke Francis Stephen of Lorraine. So that France might not object to the prospect of an final merging of Lorraine into the empire, Francis ...
Accomplishments
Maria Theresa Accomplished many things during her reign, she established a strong army, centralized the administration of the government, and initiated reforms in agriculture and education. She approved drastic changes in universities, such as the introduction of textbooks. She also managed to hook the University of Vienna’s medical school with the public Health service. She tried to improve the lives of the peasants and put an end to the cruelty of the landlords, she tried to abolish serfdom in Bohemia but met opposition from her husband who was getting complaints from the lord-holders.
Hardships
After Charles VI died, the war he had tried so hard to prevent broke out after Maria inherited the throne. Besides having to deal with the war, Maria found that Charles had left the Habsburg territories in a dire state of disrepair, along with an empty treasury. The war of the Austrian Succession involved the allied European princes of Bavaria, France, Prussia, Saxony, and Spain against her country, and her allies the British and the Dutch. At the beginning of the war Maria lost her precious Silesia to the prince of Prussia, Frederick II. Maria was so determined to regain the territory of Silesia that she abandoned her alliance with Great Britain and allied herself with France and Russia. At that time Britain and France were great enemies and her alliance with them angered Britain so much that they allied against her with Prussia and the other countries. This action is known as the “Reversal of Alliances”. Although this new alliance did not help out Austria or France, Maria lost no more of her Austrian land. Within seven years, between 1756 to 1763, the treasury had been drained of all the money Maria had worked so hard to regain. After her fathers death Charles Albert of Bavaria, a sworn enemy and one allied against her in the war for the Habsburg territories, was elected the new Holy Roman Emperor on January 24, 1742. Maria Theresa was mortified. After he died in 1745 she secured the crown for her husband since woman were not allowed the position at the time. He later became Francis I of the Holy Roman Empire.
The Essay on Causes Of Wwi War France Russia
WWI started in 1914, and ended in 1918. To this day there are many theories that are written, and unknown about the causes of this WWI. Some of them include, imperialism, and alliances. Imperialism added to the causes of the first world war because, Great Britain, Germany and France needed foreign markets after the increase in manufacturing caused by the Industrial Revolution. These countries ...
Later Life and Death
After her husband suddenly died in 1765, her son Joseph II became the new emperor. Even though Joseph was the new emperor, she still held much power and experienced many disappointments with him. He was continuously pressing new age ideas on her and it intensely frightened her. She urged him to continue with the old ways but he refused. Maria Theresa died in Vienna on November 29, 1780. She was undoubtedly one of the world’s greatest rulers. Bibliography
www.britannica.com/bcom/eb/article/8/0,5716,52138+2+500889,00.html
www.britannica.com/bcom/eb/article/8/0,5716,52138+4+500889,00.html
www.britannica.com/bcom/eb/article/8/0,5716,52138+6+500889,00.html
www.newadvent.org/cathen/09662d.htm
www.encarta.msn.com/find/Concise.asp?ti=05201000
