MICHAEL CAIN Michael Cain is an attorney for the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (DNR) and he came to talk to us about the evolution of the public trust doctrine in Wisconsin dealing with navigable water and current development issues related to the public trust. The doctrine states that a sizable body of common law has developed which holds that all navigable waters are held in trust by the state for the public and through the DNR Department of Justice and District Attorneys they have an affirmative duty to protect these public trust waters. With the increase in recreational and developmental pressures the amount of aquatic resources diminishes increasing the importance of this issue and the grounds of the public trust doctrine. This is important because the doctrine provides the foundation for preserving aquatic natural resources for the future.
Wisconsin is facing developmental problems mainly, but not limited to, the northern part of the state. People want to buy lakefront property to put their home or cottage on to get further from the cities and closer to nature. What they don’t realize is that developing this lakefront property like your home in the cities is ruining the natural vegetation and destroying shoreline habitat. The runoff of chemicals gets in the water affecting water quality and the removal of shoreline vegetation for recreational purposes reduces wildlife habitat. Basically they are pushing out the wildlife that they are trying to get closer to by being in the north woods. Cain talked about the historical aspect behind the public trust doctrine and its judicial construction.
The Term Paper on Factors that influence public trust in government
Trust is an intricate interpersonal as well as organizational construct, which occurs when parties who have certain favorable perceptions of each other allow this relationship to develop and reach the expected levels. Trust is an effective way through which social, economic and political relationship transaction costs can be lowered . In political arena, citizens may either be trusted or ...
The doctrine was written to reflect the “public’s interest” in waterways and to respond to the activities that have and will impact the navigable waterways. The doctrine took into consideration cases such as Willow River vs. Wade in 1898 recognizing the right of the public to fish in navigable waters. The doctrine was later expanded with the recognition of changes in public needs and use such as recreational purposes and scenic beauty.
Many important cases have come before the Supreme Court since the expansion of the trust doctrine. Take the Village of Menomonee Falls vs. DNR where there was the proposal to channelize two and a half miles of Lilly Creek with concrete for purposes of storm water control. The DNR won this case because it would destroy the natural habitat and aesthetics of the stream and was inconsistent with the goals for the area that had already been established. Some current issues that are being faced now include re codification of Chapter 30 statutes including public interest test and agricultural drainage issues.
Dockominiums referring to condominium units giving a person the right to use a pier slip in navigable waters. Last, but not least is the legislative response to the Supreme Courts decision in Solid Waste Agency of Northern Cook County vs. COE which limited the Corps of Engineers authority over certain isolated wetlands which are not a part of the water drainage system. Cain talked about some mechanisms for enforcement of public trust such as civil citations and actions for violations such as boathouses and pier structures that do not comply with the statutes I feel strongly that we need to uphold the public trust doctrine and enforce disciplinary action on those that don’t comply.
We are rapidly losing shoreline habitat and natural vegetation not only with the increase in development but recreational uses as well.
The Research paper on The Monroe Doctrine: a Case Study of the Evolution of the American Foreign Policy
The Monroe Doctrine: A Case study of the Evolution of the American Foreign Policy By the early 1800s, America was becoming its own country and trying to separate itself from Europe. In 1823, to discourage European nations from colonization that would threaten America, President James Monroe issued his Monroe doctrine, which became a lasting cornerstone of American foreign policy, guiding and ...
