One of my most memorable day of college life was walking into the microbiology lab and placing a bacteria smear on the glass slide. It was a rush to be the first to stain the slide with the crystal violet dye for two minutes and then washing it off with iodine. Once the decolorizing was carried out for just 2 to 3 seconds, we made a beeline to flood the slide with safranin counter stain. After two minutes, we washed off the slide with water and blot the excess water dry. Then passed the slide over the Bunsen flame, to stick the bacterial smear over the slide.
You must be wondering why was I so excited to carry out bacterial staining? Well, it was not the staining that excited me, but the opportunity to open my eyes to the invisible world of microorganisms. I wanted to use the compound microscope that would give me a glimpse into the world of the tiny, invisible bacteria. I was bored of the long theory lectures on the compound microscope parts and functions. I was waiting eagerly to use the weapon of a microbiologist, “the microscope” as soon as possible. With all the exhilaration and hullabaloo in my mind, I did not pay much attention to the very important lecture on compound microscope parts and functions. The staining was perfect, the only thing that went wrong was that I was unable to give satisfactory answers to the questions related to the microscope parts and functions, when asked by the lecturer. I am sure many of you must be looking for answers about compound microscope parts and compound microscope functions, for a project or understand the microscope in detail. This article will surely help you learn more about the compound microscope parts and functions.
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Parts of a Compound Microscope
A compound microscope helps in magnifying an image in two stages. It uses an objective lens that has many different powers on a turret and an eyepiece that helps in magnifying the image formed by the objective lens. The compound microscope parts are basically divided into the structural parts of a compound microscope and the optical parts of a compound microscope. A microbiologist should know both these parts of a compound microscope well, before he uses the weapon to enter the invisible world. You can read more in detail on compound microscope basics and uses.
Labeled Compound Microscope Diagram
The following labeled compound microscope diagram will help you identify the various compound microscope parts and functions.
Structural Parts of a Compound Microscope
The compound microscope parts are divided into three basic structural components, which can be explained as follows:
•Head: The head or body of a compound microscope contains the optical parts of the microscope.
•Base: The base of a compound microscope is helps in supporting the microscope and also contains the illuminator.
•Arm: The arm acts as a connector between the base and the head of the compound microscope.
Optical Parts of a Compound Microscope
•Eyepiece: The eyepiece is the ocular lens that helps you look through to see a magnified image from the top of the microscope. The lens have a power of magnification of about 10x or 15x.
•Eyepiece Tube: The part that connects the eyepiece with the objective lens is the tube.
•Objective Lens: You can see three or four objective lens attached to the end of the tube. The lenses range from 4x to 100x magnifying powers. To make matters simple, you can identify the longest objective lens as the one that provides the highest magnification power. The shortest objective lens is the one that provides minimum magnification power.
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•Turret: The nose piece that supports the objective lens is known as turret. You can rotate the turret and change the power magnifications as per requirement.
•Coarse and Fine Focus: These are the knobs that help focus the microscope. There are many compound microscopes that have coaxial knobs. The coaxial knobs are build on the same axis as the fine focus knob on the outside. This proves to be more convenient to use as you do not need to fumble with different knobs.
•Stage: The stage is the flat surface on which you keep the specimen to be observed.
•Stage Clips: The stage clips are used when you need to move the slide to view different sections of the specimen.
•Aperture: The tiny hole in the stage that helps in transmitting base light to the stage.
•Illuminator: The light source that is located at the base of the microscope. Many light microscopes use low voltage halogen bulbs. They have a continuous variable light control part at the base that helps in focusing in different light range.
•Condenser: The condenser is present at the base of the stage. It is usually connected to the iris diaphragm.
•Iris Diaphragm: This compound microscope part helps in controlling the amount of light that reaches the specimen. The diaphragm is located above the condenser and below the stage.
•Condenser Focus Knob: In order to help the condenser move up and down and control the lighting focus on the specimen, a condenser focus knob is used.
Functions of a Compound Microscope
The compound microscope functions is a tool for scientific education and research. Without the microscope, one will never be able to understand the world of microorganisms. Exploration and explanation is the basic mantra of the compound microscope functions. The various functions of compound microscope, according to each part are as follows:
•Eyepiece: The eyepiece helps you look at the magnified image of the specimen that is usually magnified by 10x. You can read more in detail on why does a microscope magnify.
•Coarse Adjust: These helps in focusing the specimen under low magnification.
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•Fine Adjust: This helps in focusing the specimen under high or low magnification.
•Low power objective Lens: The low power objective helps in viewing large specimens.
•High Power Objective: These are used for a detailed view of the specimen and also small specimens.
•Stage: The stage helps in supporting the specimen and helps you keep the specimen on the correct location.
•Condenser: The condenser helps in focusing the light on the specimen.
•Iris Diaphragm: This is used to help in regulation of the amount of light and contrast.
•Illuminator: This helps in illuminating the specimen kept on stage.
You can read more about microscopes in the articles:
•Microscope Diagram and Functions
•Electron Microscope
•Buying a Digital Microscope
You can print the following blank compound microscope diagram for educational purposes.
This was some information about compound microscope parts and functions. The microscope has come a long way since the experimental tubes made by two Dutch spectacle makers, Zaccharias Janssen and his son Hans in 1590. Antony van Leeuwenhoek would have never imagined that one day, it would be possible to view the minute details of the cell organelles of what he called ‘animalcules’. You will find many different types of microscopes today, that help in different fields of life sciences. I hope this article on compound microscope parts and functions was useful for you and you have been able to understand the microscope with the help of labeled compound microscope diagram.
