Military Structures of Qing China and Tokugawa Japan The history of the world gives us a great insight on the way that the affairs of today should be conducted. The Chinese and the Japanese empires were very provident empires of the past that had many developments which still are useful today, of course with certain changes. Learning from the mistakes of the past, can help us overcome them now. The first time period that we will have to evaluate is the Qing Dynasty of China, this dynasty was also known as the Manchu dynasty. This Empire of the Great Qing started in the northeast China and spread out through the country of China (as we know it today) and the other lands of Inner Asia. This empire started in the 1616 and was ruling China until the 1912, when the Xinhai Revolution started the Republic of China.
For the means of this paper we will not evaluate on all the aspects of life of this period and the great achievements of the time, we will look only at the Political and the Military systems of this dynasty. The political system of the Qing dynasty was known as the Grand Council being the emperors and the high officials, who were close to the emperor. The main trait of the system was the dualism: to every mission in the government to representatives were assigned one from the Manchu family and one from Han family (the previously ruling family).
The Research paper on Family system thesis
INTRODUCTION Not all children grow from infancy through their adolescent years without experiencing some bumps along the way. While every child is unique and special, sometimes they encounter emotions, feelings or behavior that cause problems in their lives and the lives of those around them. Parents often worry when their teens have difficulty coping with their things, emotions, get involved with ...
These families had distinctive garments, and thus could easily be told from one another. Historians still argue greatly about what kind of government actually was there: Supporters of Chinese nationalism argue that Qing rule over these areas is best described as an extremely high degree of autonomy within a single nation-state, while supporters of Tibetan independence argue that the Qing dynasty was a personal union between many nation-states. (1) The military system of this government can be described as the following: there were two main periods of development of the military.
The first and early period was marked by uniting of petty clans they were divided into eight banners, which consequently were divided by colors. The three first banners were under the order of the Emperor, and the rest of the banners were controlled by the hereditary princes. The latter division of the army was formed due to the expansion of the borders of the dynasty. These armies included the conquered Mongolian people. In addition, regional governors from provincial down to village level maintained their own irregular local militias for police duties and disaster relief. These militias were usually granted small annual stipends from regional coffers for part-time service obligations.
They received very limited military drill if at all and were not considered combat troops. (1) The Japanese rapid economic and cultural developments were all established during the period that is called the Tokugawa Japan 1603-1867. The society during this time was under a great hierarchy, similar to the way that the government was built in the Qing dynasty. Although by the end of the period, due to the banning of all Western ideas, Japans was developing more slowly, and thus needed urgent reconstructions. The people were divided into four main classes: samurai, farmers, craftspeople, and traders. The main distinction was made primarily to protect the highest class the samurais. As economic conditions changed, the shoguns were less successful, however, in maintaining the rigid boundaries separating the other classes.(2) The military part of the Tokigawa were the samurais, the nobels. They did not allow any peasant or other workers to join, thus this class was somewhat like the first two banners of the Qing army.
The Term Paper on Showa Restoration Japan Footnote Japanese
'Restore the Emperor Expel the Barbarians': The Causes of the Showa RestorationSonno jo i, 'Restore the Emperor and expel the Barbarians,' was the battle cry that ushered in the Showa Restoration in Japan during the 1930's. Footnote 1 The Showa Restoration was a combination of Japanese nationalism, Japanese expansionism, and Japanese militarism all carried out in the name of the Showa Emperor, ...
This class had many privileges and was commanded solely by the emperor. These two dynasties had small similarities, but mostly they were greatly different due to the fact that China, allowed involvement and development of other countries like Russia to come in, while the Japanese remained completely isolated even banning all the Western literature. Although it is noted by the Japanese that: The Tokugawa shogunate was the longest period of uninterrupted peace Japan ever enjoyed. The brilliant and ruthless administration of the Tokugawa military administration combined with the rigid seclusion of the country allowed for the flowering of Japanese culture in an unprecedented way. We are going to take a short tour through the history and culture of early modern Japan, from the bloodshed of the Onin War to the forbidden pleasures of the floating world; these two and a half centuries of seclusion that we are going to tour are the crucible in which the modern Japanese temper was formed.(2) The two periods that were described above were periods that were the base for many ideas that these countries still believe and carry out now. Thus we can truly see that the history can teach us how to behave today.
Works Cited Qing Dynasty Wikipedia the Internet Encyclopedia. www.wikipedia.com Tokugawa Japan. Retrieved from http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/TOKJAPAN/TOKJAPAN.HTM.
