Mental processes are physical is equivalent to what is coined The Identity Theory. Smart’s theses is that mental events are identical to brain processes. The definition of neurophysiological is to say the science of neurons dealing with living matter such as the brain. Smart discounts Cartesian Dualism that depicts the mind as a separate entity than the physical body.
In addition, Smart’s theory is a posteriori claim, which is to say that through an observation or senses we can come to a factual conclusion. The Identity Theory makes a prediction concerning science and that is that in the future man will be able to know by fact that the mind is no more than a physically charged form of matter. In human speech and language we are accustomed to using different terms that have the same meaning. The classic example is the sensation of pain. A person upon feeling pain declares, “I am in pain;” however, the fact that there exists in the body neurotransmitters that fire through synapses to the mass of the brain that cause the brain matter to fire additional neurons; thus causing the sensation of pain, is the same definition as the declaration of I feel pain. The Identity Theory depends on past discoveries that have discounted superstitious beliefs.
Sober uses the example of lightning. He points out that according to the Greeks, lightning was understood to be a possession of the Greek god, Zeus. However, later man discovered through science that electricity was responsible for the white bolts of heat. In the same way, the Identity Theory dives into the future of the sciences to explain the human mind. According to Cartesian Dualism the mind has no matter or substance and is separate from the physical body. In the Identity Theory, the mind is one with the brain and ther exists no separation of the two.
The Essay on Mental State Computer Theory Mind
Fodor begins his article on the mind-body problem with a review of the current theories of dualism and materialism. According to dualism, the mind and body are two separate entities with the body being physical and the mind being nonphysical. If this is the case, though, then there can be no interaction between the two. The mind could not influence anything physical without violating the laws of ...
Descartes recognized that the body and even the brain had mass, but he believed in a casual interaction between the brain and the mind. Specifically, he thought that the neurons jumped off of the pineal gland to a unexplainable being that he called the mind. Sober sums up, that the Identity Theory is a form of materialism and anything that is mental in nature is realistically physical in nature. In addition, this theory waits for science to discover a physical reason that humans think that snow is white or how humans came to define a certain color. Moreover, this theory through discovery would have to prove that everyone sees the same color with out variation or if there were variation, there would have to be a physical tangible reason that causes the variation. An addictive principle, founded by William of Ockham states that it is much easier to adopt the Identity Theory rather than Cartesian Dualism because it is much simpler in nature.
Parsimony is another term used for simple, but it includes reasoning that it is more logical to believe in a simple answer than a complex one. For example, if science should discover that mental processes are physical in nature, why would anyone want to go through the trouble of separating the two by adding a sort of mysticism to the factual findings Of course, if the Identity Theory is an absolute, then the thought of any eternal existence after death would be preposterous. Once the material matter ceases to exist, so does the mind. It seems to me that all of mankind innately believes in a life hereafter. This can be seen by observing man’s need for religion and it is an existing debate whether even Atheism is a religion of sorts because an Atheist must have faith that there is no God. Moreover, evolutionists practice faith when they claim that the missing link exists, but is yet to be found.
The Term Paper on Two Theories On The Nature Of Intelligence
To this day, how exactly to define intelligence is still debated. There are, however, two major schools of thought on its nature and properties. This paper examines and evaluates the two opposing theories on the nature of intelligence. The two opposing theories of intelligence are the one general intelligence school of thought and the multiple intelligences school of thought. The general ...
Furthermore, it has been said that religions originated for the purpose of controlling the masses, yet in a free country such as America, religions of all sorts spring up and citizens gravitate to them. Bibliography J. J. C.
Smart, “Mental Processes are Physical.”.
