Intelligence: A Product of Social Construction Since the development of the intelligence quotient, schools in every part of the world have been using the IQ test to categorize millions of students into three groups. These three groups, which are the gifted, the average, and the retarded, are falsifications that perpetuate in our world culture and cause many gifted students to be deemed retarded and vice a versa. Why then is the IQ test so heavily relied on in our school systems? For schools the answer is simple, an I. Q. test is a reliable predictor of a students later performance in academics. This answer is relatively true, but where the I.
Q. test falls extremely short is with testing the multiple intelligences of the human brain. The intelligence quotient test, developed by Alfred Binet, was created to evaluate ones intelligence with a test that would yield a numerical value that could be compared with a collective average to determine ones level of intelligence. However, the questions of an I.
Q. test, or even the SAT’s for that matter, are testing only the verbal-mathematical forms of intelligence. The human brain is extremely complicated and advanced, and to assume that the indicators of intelligence are only found in logical and linguistic intelligences is a poor assumption at best. A more comprehensive test, which can test all seven types of intelligence, should be implemented into the educational system to ensure every student an education tailored to their strongest abilities.
The Essay on Standardized Test Students School Scores
Standardized testing is a serious issue to all students in schools today. Standardized testing is taken more serious than ever. Standardized tests may affect what classes a child is placed in during grade school or whether someone gets into college. Standardized tests even affect a school in many ways. Albert Einstein once said, "Not everything that counts can be counted and not everything that ...
In every elementary school in America third graders are forced to take a test that will greatly impact their academic careers. The G. A. T.
E. program, which stands for gifted and talented education, is designed to separate the gifted children from the average and below average kids. However, the G. A. T. E.
test is comprised of questions the children do not have the answers for. In other words, the kids are being tested on their innate knowledge of the world and their ability to creatively solve problems they have never encountered. Some might believe there is no flaw in testing a child’s natural intelligence. The test is given to each student and each student is given the same amount of time to complete a test of identical questions. But what educators fail to account for is the social bias of the test and the socio-economical backgrounds of the students taking the test. It is a fact that children from white middle and upper classes do better on these and other standardized tests because the test creators are of the white middle and upper classes.
With this in mind, how then is it fair to give a student in Compton the same test that is given to a student in Beverly Hills? The answer is obvious, it is not fair. However, if a test on life in the ghetto and Ebonics was given to children in Beverly Hills, it is safe to assume nearly all the children would fail. This example illustrates that by changing the culture for which the test is written the previously gifted kids fall to the ranks of retards while the ghetto kids advance to the state of genius. To better evaluate the intelligence potential of any student from any background, the I. Q.
tests given should cover a broader range of topics, so that a musical genius is not mistakenly placed in a class for the mentally challenged. A renowned professor of education and psychology at Harvard University, Howard Gardner has radically changed the way we look at intelligence. In 1983 Gardner published the first of two books that theorize that there are multiple intelligences. Gardner believes “that human cognitive competence is better described in terms of a set of abilities, talents, or mental skills, which we call “intelligence” (378).
The Research paper on Intelligence Test Tests Intelligences
INTRODUCTION: In 1917, as the United States mobilized its vast resources for the war against Germany, Professor Lewis Terman of Stanford University traveled east to meet with a group of prominent psychologists. Terman was an expert on intelligence testing, for he had pioneered the application of a French Intelligence test (developed by Alfred Binet) in the U. S. Terman, a devoted member of the ...
Gardner’s theory dismisses the idea that intelligence is a single attribute of the mind and suggests that there are different types of intelligences that account for different human abilities such as playing an instrument or hitting a tennis ball. Through his studies, Gardner has identified seven distinct forms of intelligence, which include musical, bodily-kinesthetic, logical-mathematical, linguistic, spatial, interpersonal, intra personal intelligences.
These different categories of intelligence should be the basis for future intelligence tests because they more accurately calculate the intelligence of an individual. However, many people do not see how a professional baseball player, like Tony Gw in, can be a genius in his respective field. To analyze this problem we will break down the process of hitting a ball thrown by a professional pitcher. First, the distance from the mound to the plate is 90 feet. A fastball going 100 mph travels 90 feet in one second or less, which is all the time the hitter has to react. When the hitter sees the pitcher begin his pitch the brain begins sending messages to the muscles in the body.
When the ball leaves the pitchers hand the hitter must first recognize if the throw is hittable or a ball. After determining that the ball is hittable, the hitter must begin his swing. As he swings the hitter is calculating the balls velocity, trajectory, and is making slight adjustments in where the bat will swing to make a solid connection to the ball. The hitter also keeps the bat a specific angle in order to hit the ball into a desired location. All of these functions are relayed from the brain to the body in less than a second and are occurring simultaneously. Albert Einstein, one of the worlds most respected geniuses would not be able to hit a Major League fastball, but that does not make him any less of a genius.
What this does show is that to hit a Major League fastball one must be a genius of bodily-kinesthetic intelligence. Although scholars and educators can agree that multiple intelligences exist, they have not yet created a test that can accurately evaluate the seven types of intelligence simultaneously. How then is an educator to test musical knowledge or a person’s ability to hit a fastball? Devise seven tests that can be taken in any order and allow the testy to decide on four tests out of the seven to take. With this procedure, the student will be given the opportunity to prove his or her intelligence based on the areas in which they excel. By allowing the student to choose the tests that best reflect their abilities, the test’s results will be higher across the board, to the point that only those that actually have brain damaged will score low enough in any category to be considered retarded.
The Essay on A Complete Guide To Understanding The Stanford Binet Intelligence Test
Binet defined intelligence as the capacity (1) to find and maintain a definite direction or purpose, (2) to make necessary adaptations-that is strategy adjustments -to achieve that purpose, and (3) for self-criticism so that necessary adjustments in strategy can be made. Binet’s two principles of test construction were age differentiation and general mental ability. Age differentiation ...
But with a new testing a placement system the curriculum of the schools must change as well. High school students will no longer choose their classes at random, but will have a list of classes to take that best reflect the interests and categorized intelligences. No longer should educators waste their time and the students’ time in classes that a student naturally performs badly in. Instead, new class categories should be developed for each of the seven intelligences and students will be placed in the category of classes that he or she is best suited for. With this educational system career training can start a much younger age, students will develop in one direction rather than being spread thin over many useless topics, and the professionals of the future will be identified before they ever enter the work force. In the current world, I.
Q. tests are the gates that limit ones ability to gain a fair and equal education. The tests given now will continue to reward those lucky enough to live in the upper-middle class and will continue to hold a lid on the potential of the millions of people suppressed into the ghettos of America. New testing and rewriting of tests should be the first step in making American public education fair to all Americans. Eventually the socially constructed idea of “intelligence” will change, but not fade, and it is up to the people of this generation to redefine what makes a person intelligent. Works Cited Jacobus A.
, Lee & Howard Gardner. “A World of Ideas.” A Rounded Version: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences. Bedford/St. Martin’s. 6 th Ed. Boston, Ma.
The Essay on Can an intelligence test ever be described as culture fair
... Some comments on culture fair tests, Personnel Psychology, 433-446. Canady, H.G. (1936) The intelligence of Negro college students and parental occupation, Amer. ... was an early attempt to construct a test, which would eliminate the differences between social classes. This was composed of a number ...
2002. 373 – 391.
