The essential feature of narcissistic personality disorder is a persuasive pattern of grandiosity-that is an inflated since of how important one is-along with a need for admiration and lack of empathy for other people. The disorder typically begins by early adulthood, although some causes may be rooted in childhood experiences. Sigmund Freud started the psychological discussion of the disorder with his 1914 paper “on narcissism.” The disorder takes its name from narcissus, who in greek mythology was the son of a river god and a nymph. As a young man he was known for his beauty. However, when narcissus rejected the love of the nymph echo, the gods grew angry with him. They caused him to fall in love with his own reflection in the waters of a pool.
Gazing at his beautiful and inaccessible image, narcissus drowned when he fell into the water. The flower that bears his name sprung up when narcissus died. Narcissistic people tend to exaggerate and accomplishments, often appearing boastful or pretentious. They tend to talk endlessly about themselves and become annoyed if the topic of conversation turns to anyone else. Fantasies of unlimited power, beauty, wealth, or achievement may consume them.
Narcissistic disturbance can be found in everyone. An individual’s existence would be in jeopardy if some narcissistic traits were not present. The development of problems occur when narcissistic traits become exaggerated in an individual’s personality. During the first eighteen months of life an infant is provided with narcissistic defenses. The infant is able to experience being the center of their mother’s world and a oneness with the mother develops.
The Essay on Narcissistic Personality Disorder npd Criteria
... that, wishes to be feared and to be notorious (narcissistic supply) . (5) Feels entitled. Expects unreasonable or special ... Love - Narcissism Revisited, first edition. Prague and Skopje: Narcissus Publication. For the exact language of the DSM IV ... Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fourth edition (DSM IV). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric ...
Being the center of the mother’s world makes the child feel powerful and omnipotent and they know no limits to their world. However, a psychological transformation near the end of the eighteen-month period causes the disintegration of the child’s oneness with the mother to take place. When this separation period begins the experiences of the child determines the development of the ego and the onset of NPD. These experiences encompass the mother’s ability to be responsive and sensitive to the needs of the child during the first eighteen months. Also, important in the develop of the ego is the limits and consequences the parents provide between two and ten and the amount of abuse or trauma the child receives during the first seven years of life. This abuse does not necessarily have to come from trauma induced by parents.
Authority figures or peers can also be the culprits. A pattern of grandiosity, excessive need for admiration, entitlement, and lack of empathy are the chief components in the diagnosis of NPD. These behaviors begin in early adulthood. A narcissistic individual is unable to trust, relies on others, and thus develops numerous, shallow relationships to extract tributes from others.
Because a narcissistic individual has a shifting morality — always ready to shift values to gain favor — any relationship with a narcissist has difficulty. Their tendency is to form friendships or romantic relationships with only those that can enhance their self-esteem or advance their purposes. A narcissistic individual has a basic sense of inferiority. Under this inferiority is a preoccupation with fantasies of outstanding achievement and an aimless orientation toward superficial interests. The narcissist uses others to aid them in any tasks they undertake and will frequently take credit for work which others have done. The narcissistic individual may be more successful at their chosen field of work than some of the other personality disorders because their narcissism is advantageous in their employment especially if their work provides narcissistic supply.
The Essay on How to help Children Feel Welcomed and Valued in My Setting
Some of the children we look after are with us for a large amount of time which means we should create an environment that makes them feel welcome comfortable and valued. Here are some things to think about that will help you to create this kind of environment. Greeting Greetings are socially important. Always acknowledge a child’s arrival to welcome them in. This will help a child to feel more ...
However, usually they are never able to direct their interests long enough to completely develop any long-term projects and if these projects are completed they may not be of the highest quality. Narcissists will over inflate their own accomplishments, are boastful, and pretentious. Although he or she may impress others with knowledge and decisiveness, a narcissistic person’s information base is often limited to trivia. Lying is an integral part of the narcissist’s behavior and all their self-reports are unreliable. Their cognition is impaired to the extent that they frequently misinterpret other’s speech and actions. They may actually believe that someone respects or loves them although this is a fantasy which exists only in the mind of the narcissist.
Their ideas are seldom original and they choose to quote whoever at that time they feel is an authority. The narcissist’s quotations may not be accurate to what the chosen authority at the time meant. People other than the narcissist may wonder why the narcissist picked that individual as an authority because no true validation may exist that the person the narcissist picks is an authority. They expect special treatment from others such as not waiting in line or being the center of attention and are mystified when they do no get what they want.
They expect to get whatever they want no matter what it means to others. They also feel that they can only be understood by people of high status and they often assign special, gifted, or unique qualities that are not factual to the people with whom they associate. They will insist that they have the best doctor, lawyer, etc. , available, and will assign accomplishments to that individual to prove their validity.
If an individual disappoints them, however, then they frequently will negate the credentials of those that disappoint them. A narcissistic individual has a fragile sense of self. To strengthen their sense of self they depend on other’s admiration and constant attention. They expect other’s to covet their possessions and they are constantly seeking compliments. A narcissistic injury occurs when someone defeats or criticizes the narcissistic individual. The narcissist may not show it outwardly, but they are haunted by criticisms and defeats.
The Essay on Individual Authority
One must find upon critical review a tremendous similarity of thought and process between Bertolt Brecht’s play Life of Galileo and the recent film Good Night, and Good Luck. They both anticipate and express the challenges faced when an individual confronts society with independent authority. Three such issues can be catalogued as follows: Claims of independence can be made in the face of known ...
They begin to feel empty, degraded, and humiliated and are capable of retaliating with narcissistic rage. Their reactions constitute disdain or defiant attacks.
