Some variations are inherited 3. Some individuals survive and reproduce better than other individuals 4. Differential survival and reproduction (Darwinian fitness) is influenced by the heritable traits of individuals Evidence of Darwin’s Theory: – Fossil Record: the remains of an organism that died a long tome ago; by looking at fossil record scientists are able to determining how species evolved and from what species. – Ancestor: the study of a body structure of an organism.
As generations pass different populations of descendants adapted to their environments thus limbs and bones change. (ex. Horse’s feet and teeth) – Embryology: the study of how organisms develop. – Biological Molecules: DNA, RNA, Proteins. These molecules can be compared between species to look for similarities and differences. – Adaptations: camouflage (pepper moth), mimicry (yellow jacket wasp), Gene mutations (antibiotic resistant bacteria, favorable mutations change an organism’s physiology).
Sickle Cell anemia, industrial melanism, Galapagos finches, Galapagos Tortoises. What is the difference between Allopatric Speciation and Sympatric Speciation? – Well… Allopatric speciation means that speciation occurred in different regions. Sympatric speciation means that one population of one species became two species while in the same geographic region with no physical separation. Graphs of Natural Selection: Disruptive Selection: both extremes of a phenotype are favored over the averages. [pic]
The Essay on Trophic Level Species Organisms Food
Autotrophs- organisms that are able to synthesize food by sun energy or stored energy. Plants are autotrophs that we see everyday. Heterotroph- organisms un albe to make their own food. Humans are hetertrophs. Ecology- Scientific study on interactions between organisms and their environment. Ecologists study dolphins and their interactions in the water. Symbiosis- Permanent close association ...
Directional Selection: The overall makeup of a population shifts to one extreme away from the average. [pic] Stabilizing Selection: the POPULATION average is favored, and acts AGAINST the extremes in a population. [pic] How does Gradualism differ from Punctuated Equilibrium? Punctuated equilibrium is a theory of evolutionary biology which states that most sexually reproducing populations experience little change for most of their geological history. A genetic equilibrium occurs when an allele within a gene pool is not changing in frequency (i. e. evolving).
