The Effects of Various Wavelengths on photosynthetic rate Photosynthesis is the process by which autotrophic organisms convert light energy to chemical energy in the form of glucose [1]. Without this process life on earth would be very different because every organism directly or indirectly depends on photosynthesis. Because plants are at the bottom of the food chain they must create their own energy; this is done through photosynthesis. Various pigments located through out the leaves and stems of plants called chlorophylls absorb wavelengths from sunlight. They absorb all wavelengths of natural light (400-700 nanometers), except those between 525-550 nm which are reflected giving plants their green color [2]. The question of this experiment is how do different wavelengths effect photosynthetic rate? The purpose of this experiment was to decide if blue light (wavelengths of 425-475 nm) or red light (wavelengths of 650-700 nm) would produce an increase in photosynthetic rate when compared to natural/white light (wavelengths of 400-700 nm).
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... a higher energy. The red light and green light will have lower photosynthetic rate because red light has a shorter wavelength (lower energy) and the green light is absorbed ... these short wavelengths have more energy and thus are optimal for photosynthetic activity. Therefore varying wavelengths of light have drastic affects on the rate of photosynthesis. In ...
The hypothesis stated that the blue light would result in a higher photosynthetic rate than the red light but both would be less than the control which was white light. The rationale for this hypothesis is best depicted by Figure 1, which shows the various types of chlorophylls and the wavelengths that they absorb [3].
It appears that more absorption occurs around blue light than that of red light. Due to classroom restrictions artificial light was used to conduct the experiment. The classroom was necessary because a carbon dioxide sensor and computer were used to calculate photosynthetic rate. This research could be important if the results show outstanding increases in photosynthetic rate. World Hunger is a major concern if a process could be found through which photosynthetic rate is maximized perhaps food production could be maximized as well and hungry mouths may be fed. The apparatus used to conduct this experiment is shown in Figure 2. The fish bowl filled with water was used to absorb the heat given off by the lamp and prevent damage to the plant.
Water was placed in the dish containing the plant to create an air tight seal to prevent more CO2 to enter the system. The sensor used detects the concentration of CO2 in parts per million. Three rye grass plants were used in rotation to give each plant a rest from photosynthesizing, when not in use the plants were kept in the dark. Colored cellophane (red or blue) was wrapped around the soda bottle in which the plant is enclosed to allow only that specific color to reach the plant. The control used was clear cellophane. The computer does most of the work, plotting the CO2 depletion rate with the use of the CO2 sensor and the Logger Pro software. Each experimental group (of which there were two: red and blue) and control group ran for ten minutes with three replicates of each.
The photosynthetic rate was then calculated by dividing the CO2 depletion rate (slope of the line graphed by the computer) by the mass of the plant. Data was then statistically analyzed through t-tests performed using The results of the experiment are all over the charts with the control group having a standard deviation of 8.248, this is extremely high and due to one control replicate being almost double the value of another replicate. The two experimental groups had lower standard deviations; red= 2.836 and blue= 0.8759. The average values of the replicates of the control and experimental groups is located in figure 3, which also shows the standard deviation. While both experimental groups have a smaller rate than the control, the difference between the two experimental groups is almost nonexistent. The statistical data does not support the hypothesis. This is because there is not a significant difference between the sets of data. The blue light and red light results were almost the same with a difference of only 0.25 (ppmCO2/min)/g. It appears that there is a more significant difference between the experimental groups and the control.
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Argument Paper Over the last twenty years, a large amount of effort and money has been spent over legislation regarding gun control. Gun control advocates maintained that increased gun control could reduce the soaring crime rates of the early 70's. However, most of the arguments used for gun control are the result of careful manipulation of data and emotional appeal. These "myths " are twisted by ...
With the control averaging almost 5 (ppmCO2/min)/g above the experimental groups but due to the variation between the replicates of the control ( with the highest being 25.56 (ppmCO2/min)/g and the lowest being 9.89 (ppmCO2/min)/g) the statistically results showed too much variation within one group for solid conclusion. Because the data did not distinguish any differences between the groups there is no relevance to Another group performed a similar experiment in which they tested yellow and blue light and compared the results to their control which was clear. They hypothesized that the yellow would have a lower absorption than the clear but a higher absorption than the blue. Their results statistically supported that the blue was lower than the yellow but did not support that the yellow was lower than the clear. Many possibilities could have produced this short coming. The one that stands out most is the fact that three different plants were used and each plant probably had its own rate at which it liked to photosynthesize.
This could be fixed if one plant were used but this was not realistic because the plant would have had to receive a certain period of rest between each run, due to time constraints this was not possible. The results also may have been different if natural sunlight was used in place of artificial light, but due to classroom restraints this also was not possible. So using just one plant with more time involved or the use of sunlight instead of artificial light are two alternative methods for testing the hypothesis. A new direction of this experiment could look more closely at specific pigments of the plant and use a combination of different pigments to maximize photosynthetic rate using a wavelength absorbed by those pigments. 1. Hirrel, Marc. Investigations of Photosynthesis.
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Bellagio has tight controls over its dealer, which provide a high degree of certainty that the person being controlled will act as the organization wishes. However the vice presidents of table games are not tightly controlled because there is no good performance measure for them. In terms of cash control, Bellagio assigns employees the responsibility of certain amount of cash, and some procedures ...
Biol 1440 Principles of Biology I Homepage. *http://faculty.uca.edu/marc.hirrel/bio1/photosynI t2k.htm* *http://gened.emc.maricopa.edu/Bio/bio181/BIOBK/Bi oBookPS.htm* 3. Campbell, Neil. Biology 5th ed. Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. New York.
