Regular – one. Plural – more than one. Regular Plurals: Nouns ending in vowels & voiced consonants – -s (bee-bees, dog-dogs, [z]) Voiceless consonants – -s (book-books, [s]) -s, -sh, -ss, -ch, -x, -z – -es (actress-actresses, [iz]) -o: -es-hero-heroes. But: -os: after a vowel – bamboos, embryos, folios, kangaroos, radios, studios, zoos.
In proper names – Romeos, Eskimos, Filipinos. In abbreviations – kilos, photos, pros (professional).
Also: pianos, concertos, dynamos, quartos, solos, tangos, tobaccos. In other cases the spelling is -oes (tomatoes, echoes, Negroes, potatoes, vetoes, torpedoes, embargoes) -oes/-os: cargo (e) s, banjo (e) s, halo (e) s Consonant+y – -ies (sky-skies).
But: -ys After vowels, except nouns ending -quy (day-days, soliloquy-soliloquies) In proper names: the two Germany’s, the Kennedys, the Gatsby’s In compounds: stand-bys, lay-bys. Penny: pence-the British currency (), pennies-for individual coins.
-f (e) -ves: wife-wives, life-lives, leaf-leaves, knife-knives, wolf-wolves, calf-calves, half-halves, loaf-loaves, self-selves, shelf-shelves. -s: other nouns (proof-proofs, chief-chefs, safe-safes, cliff-cliffs, gulf-gulfs, dwarf-dwarfs, reef-reefs, grief-griefs -ves/-s: scarf-scarfs / scarves , dwarf-dwarfs / dwarves , hoof-hoofs / hooves . -th – -ths (mouth-mouths) in abbreviations – -s (M. P. -M. P.
s) But: Ms (manuscript) -MSS, p. (page) -pp. , Mr- Irregular Plurals. By vowel change (Man-men, woman-women, tooth-teeth, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice, louse-lice).
The Report on The Computational Morphology of Pashto Nouns
SOUTH ASIAN LANGUAGE REVIEW VOL.XVII. No. 1, January 2007. The Computational Morphology of Pashto Nouns Mohammad Abid Khan and Fatima Tuz Zuhra University of Peshawar, Pakistan Abstract. This paper investigates the inflectional properties of Pashto nouns. The main focus is on the classification of the Pashto nouns in such a way that further computational work on them becomes easy. The works of ...
-en (ox-oxen, child-children) Identical (sheep-sheep, swine-swine (), deer-deer, grouse-grouse ().
But: 2 variants: fish-fish / fishes , pike-pile / pikes , trout-trout (s), carp-carp (s), salmon-salmon (s).
The zero plural is more common to denote hunting quarries. (We caught a few fish, five salmon); the regular plural – different individuals, species. Nationality nouns in -ese, -ss: Chinese, Swiss. And: Englishmen = the English, Dutchmen = the Dutch. Latin & French nouns: series-series (, ), species-species (, , ), corps [ko: ]-corps[ko: z] (, ).
Pair, couple, dozen, score (20), stone (6, 35 kg), head (): 2 dozen of children, dozens of children.
4. Loans of Greek origin – (-is – -es: basis-bases, crisis-crises, analysis, thesis, parenthesis, axis[, , ], hypothesis, diagnosis; -on – a: criterion – criteria, phenomenon, -a – ata: miasma-miasma ta) Loans of Latin origin (-us – -i, -ora, -era: stimulus-stimuli, nucleus-nuclei[], radius-radii[], genus-genera[]; -a – -ae: formula-formulae (formulas), antenna, vertebra[]; -um – -a: datum-data[ ], stratum-strata[], erratum-errata[]; -es, -ix – -ices, -es: index-indices (indexes), appendix, matrix) Other loan nouns (-ean – -eaux: tableau-tableaux, bureau; -o – -i: tempo-tempi) 2 variants (memorandum -memoranda, memorandums, curriculum-curricula, curriculums[ ], formula-formulae, formulas, cherub-cherubim[], cherubs, focus-foci, focuses) Different meaning index-indexes-list of contents of books, indices-; genius-geniuses-men of talent, genii-, ) Plural in compound nouns The 2 nd component takes the plural form as a rule (housewives, tooth-brushes) -ful – at the end of the word (handfuls, spoonfuls) man & woman -the 1 st components (men-servants, women-doctors) ending -man – men (policeman-policeman) But: Germans, Romans (not compounds) prepositional noun phrase where the preposition is a linking element only – the 1 st noun takes the plural form (editors-in-chief-, mothers-in-law, commanders-in-chiefs-, coats-of-mail-, men-of-war-) compounds = conjunction as a linking element – the plural is taken by the 2 nd noun (gin-and-tonics) compound = noun+preposition / adverb /adjective-the 1 st element-plural (passers-by, lookers-on-, courts-material — , attorneys-general-) when the compound is a substantivized phrase which doesn’t contain a noun, the last element -plural (forget-me-nots-, breakdowns-, stand-bys-, grown-ups, close-ups-, pick-ups-, drop-outs-, go-betweens-) Invariable nouns (can’t change their number) Singular invariable nouns Non-count Material (tea, sugar) But: cheeses-kind of cheese Abstract-music, anger Proper nouns The Thames, Henry Some ending-s news (10 o’clock news), means-by this means (), Gallows () diseases (mumps-, measles-, rickets-, shingles-) games (billiards, bowls-, dominoes, draughts) some proper nouns (Algiers, Athens, Brussels, Flanders, Marseilles, Naples, Wales, The United Nations, the United States. Nouns ending -ics (classics, phonetics) Plural invariable nouns Marked Names of tools… consisting 2 equal parts (bellows-, binoculars, breeches-, braces-, flannels-, glasses, pants-, , pincers-, pliers-, , pyjamas, scales, scissors, shorts, spectacles-, suspenders-, tights-, tongs-, trousers, tweezers-) Miscellaneous nouns () (annals, antics, archives, arms, ashes, the Commons, contents, customs, customs-duty, customs-house, earnings, goods, goods train, greens, holidays, manners, minutes, outskirts, quarters, stairs, suds, surroundings, thanks, troops, wages, whereabouts, the Middle Ages) Some proper nouns (the East Indies, the West Indies, the Hebrides, the Highlands, the Midlands, the Netherlands) Unmarked (nouns of multitude & collective): C: the family was large, m: the family were fond of their house. Ways of showing partition A piece of, a loaf of, a stick of, a bar of, a sheet of, lump, blade, block, strip, grain, pile, heap, word, item, article, fit 2.
The Dissertation on Singularia Tantum Nouns Plural Number
... plural with uncountable nouns in the plural form, concerns cases of stylistic marking of nouns. ... age long, etc. ; adverbial relations of comparison: straw yellow, ... nouns have developed parallel native forms, as in: formula - formulae, formulas terminus - termini, termin uses focus - foci, focuses stratum - strata, stratum Foreign plurals ... eye nothing to decline of men and things. (Galsworthy) Cf..., . ...
Category of Case of the noun Shows the relation of the noun with other words in the sentence Common case-zero inflexion Genitive case-apostrophe s (‘s) Genitive Pronunciation: [z]-after vowels & voiced consonants-negro’s, dog’s [s]-after voiceless consonants-student’s [iz]-after sibilants () – prince’s, judge’s; Marx’s ideas zero ending-girls’, boys’ with regular plural nouns (boys’) greek nouns in -s (Socrates’ wife, Xerxes’ () other names: 2 variants – Burns’ & Burns’s poems Compound nouns-s joined to the final component (the editor-in chief’s office) Group genitive (when ‘s can be joined) 2 persons possess or are related to smith they have in common (mom & dad’s room, John & Mary’s car) to a more extensive phrase which may even contain a clause (the Duke of Norfolk’s sister, the secretary of state’s room, the man I saw yesterday’s son) to a noun (pronoun) +a pronoun group (someone else’s benefit) to a group ending in a numeral (in an hour or two’s time) The main meaning of the genitive case-possession, Possessive case, main modifications: the idea of belonging: John’s coat Different kinds of relations: Relation of the whole to its part (Jon’s leg) Personal or social relations (John’s wife) subjective relations (The doctor’s arrival, the Chekhov’s book) authorship (Byron’s poem) objective relations (John’s arrest-he was arrested) measure (an hour’s trip, a mile’s distance) ‘s lost the meaning of possession (woman’s work, idiot’s smile, women’s college, angel’s eyes) The use of genitive case & its equivalent of-phrase with nouns denoting persons & animals (John’s idea, swalow’s nest).
The Essay on Outcasts In Society In Relation To John Steinbecks Of Mice And Men
Throughout history, many groups of people have been the target of persecution by a much larger or more dominant group, often the common people. Among these groups are or were: blacks, the disabled, women, children, the elderly, and members of other religions. In John Steinbecks Of Mice and Men, three characters were regarded as outcasts by the majority of workers on the ranch: Lennie, mentally ...
With other nouns-of+noun phrase with nouns denoting time & distance (minute, moment, year & substantivized adverbs – today) today’s papers-, the papers of today-) with the names of countries & towns (Britain’s national museum, Canada’s population) with the names of newspapers denoting different kinds of organizations (company’s plan, Guardian’s analysis, Geographical Society’s gold medal) with the nouns world, nation, country, city, town (the nation’s health) with the nouns ship, boat, car (ship’s crew) with nouns denoting planets (sun, moon, earth) (this earth’s life) set expressions: to one heart’s content (desire), at death’s door, at arm’s length, out of harm’s way, a hair’s breadth, a needle’s eye, at a stone’s throe, to move at a snail’s pace, at the water’s edge The syntactical function of the genitive -attribute. It’s always used as a pre modifier & sometimes called the depend genitive. The absolute genitive – when the genitive case is not followed by the headword & when it stands for the whole noun phrase: It is used: to avoid repetition (our house is better than Mary’s (house) ) after the preposition of (an old friend of my mother’s) to denote shops (the grocer’s, the baker’s) saints’ names Paul’s (cathedral) places of residence (at my uncle’s, at Timothy’s) Double genitive My mother’s father’s people The boy’s half-hour’s run.
The Term Paper on We Know That Racism Exists Today And Everyone Knows Its Wrong
We know that racism exists today and everyone knows it's wrong. Is there anyway to fix it? Racism is a problem that many people face. The issue of racism is still an issue that affects our society. Yes, our society has come a long way in eliminating racial discrimination. Racism of any kind is wrong. Racism is objectively defined as any practice of ethnic discrimination or segregation.Prejudice is ...
