With modernization, political systems became more differentiated, and complex. Limits on government are created and power started to be dispersed; such that Montesquieu assumed that government cannot face freedom within power concentrated. By spreading, the dispersion of power, he is sustaining parliamentary systems. What are presidential systems and parliamentary systems? What are the pros and cons of these systems?
The presidential systems have for basis the clear separation of power between executive and legislative branches as we can notice in US and some Latin American countries. There, Presidents are not only the head of government but also the head of State. They are directly voted by the people in the US. He chooses Cabinet from outside of the legislature .Legislature has no effect on executive branch and vice-versa. Legislature has to trust presidents because there is no way but impeachment process to get rid of them. Impeachment is very rare in US but happened twice. Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinton were the first presidents’ impeached. This dispersion of powers in US, opposite the legislature to the executive power; moreover when these parties are rivals. Some statistics show that this happens 40 % of the time.
US adopted presidential system because they were afraid tyranny and absolutism. Contrary to other system, presidential systems are too slow; these can lead to blind-alley. For instance US government shut down in October for 2 weeks because the Republican dominated House of Representatives would not pass Obama’s budget. They disagree about Obamacare and want it out of their budget. That is why, people such as John Locke sustain that legislative power is more basic and important than the executive. Contrary to presidential systems, in parliamentary systems power is concentrated. There is no real head of state.Peole are nominated for the figure. Indeed, it is whether a monarch or a weak president.
The Term Paper on Parliamentary System Party Legislature Government
... parties in the legislature. In a presidential system, the President (who is the chief executive as well as the symbolic head of government) is chosen ... the two systems of government was the extent to which the powers of government are separated functionally between branches of government. In the presidential system, political and ...
Power belongs to the Prime minister. Voters have more effect upon executive. They are charged of electing legislators. Legislators are the ones who elect executive that is why the leader of the ministries parliament in the House of Commons becomes the Prime minister. This Prime minister decides who is supposed to be his Cabinet. All members come from the Parliament who is supposed to head the major ministries and department.
The Cabinet is composed by around 20 members and all of them retain sets in the parliament. If a Cabinet member cannot support the Prime minister policy he is expected to resign. When it is the contrary, new elections are made. These took place in two rooms which are House of Commons and House of Lords. Prime minister is supposed to make policy be supported by his party and debated by legislative. Others parties are always opposed to policies taken by the PM. MP’s vote with their party, almost 50 % of their time. Whips which are lots of party enforce party loyalty. House of Lords hold about 780 members whereas House of Commons hold only 690. Top executives in the Cabinet are members of parliament. In the House of Commons, questions come from the opposition members. But the Prime minister achieves always his desire.
Those systems are adopted by different countries because of their pros and cons according to their policymaking. Indeed, presidential systems got fixed terms such as mandates. They are in power for a specific time and are elected directly. As ideas are coming from two different sides, there is independence between branches and judiciary by this way is stronger. But, it reduces accountability by allowing the president and the legislature to shift blame to each other. Also, attempts in removing an unsuitable president from office before his or her term has expired represent a significant problem.
The Term Paper on Is the Prime Minister Too Powerful
... any resistance because the PM’s power is derived from the party members of the House. The Prime minister is free to roam and ... the political system. The Prime Minister has too much ministerial power as he is allowed to fire and hire any cabinet member at anytime. ... is a fusion of the British parliamentary system with the American federalism. The Prime Minister is the highest role in the government. ...
For example, Kenya’s system of government is difficult to categorize. It is not a hybrid of either known systems. How it is formed constituted and functioned evolves to systematic frustration on the masses as their aspirations are raise during election and dashed as long as the president holds office a fixed term. Whereas the parliamentary system limits conflict of power between executive and legislative party. It created stability and efficiency. He is more flexible and troubles are easily solved. Governments are unchecked and there is no balance of powers. Parties in power have to support the parliament.
