Personality Analysis Jason Chapman PSY 405 Professor Wakley May 6, 2013 Introduction In this paper I will discuss the dispositional and learning theoretical approaches to personality. I will define each approach to personality, and I will define each theory that is a part of these approaches. I also will compare and contrast the dispositional and learning theoretical approaches of personality. I will describe the role of personality in affecting situational behavior when it comes to the dispositional and learning approaches to personality. I will examine the personality characteristics attributed to each of the theories I have chosen.
Lastly I will explain the interpersonal relational aspects associated with the theories I have selected. I personally have not learned anything about these two approaches of personality which is why I have chosen to discuss them. Definition of Dispositional Theory of Personality First to define the dispositional theory of personality is the fact that your nature like genetics and heritage has relatively permanent effects on how you present yourself to the world. The first theory that is a part of the dispositional theory of personality is the psychology of individual by Gordon Allport.
In this theory Allport emphasized the uniqueness of the individual. According to our text Allport “believed that attempts to describe people in terms of general traits rob them of their unique individuality” (Feist & Feist, 2009).
The other theory that is part of the dispositional theory of personality is the trait and factor theory by Hans Eysenck, Robert McCrae and Paul Costa. To define this theory you have to understand that the researchers of this theory believe that five dominant traits continue to emerge from factor analytic techniques(Feist & Feist, 2009).
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Definition of learning theory of Personality To define the learning theory of personality it focuses on how people learning and acquire new knowledge. The learning theory of personality has four different theories that are a part of the learning theory of personality. The first theory that is a part of the learning theory of personality is behavioral analysis by B. F. Skinner. This theory has been defined by many people but B. F. Skinner focused on the observable behaviors. The second theory that is a part of the learning theory of personality is the social cognitive theory by Albert Bandura.
This theory takes “chance encounters and fortuitous event seriously even while recognizing that these meeting and events do not invariably alter one’s life path” (Feist & Feist, 2009).
The third theory is the cognitive social learning theory by Julian Rotter and Walter Mischel which is also a part of the learning theory of personality. When it comes to this theory Rotter and Mischel each rest on the assumption that cognitive factors help shape how people will react to environmental forces. The last theory that is a part of the learning theory of personality is the psychology of personal constructs by George Kelly.
Kelly believed that all people “anticipate events by the meanings or interpretation they place on those events” (Feist & Feist, 2009).
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Sensory Stimulation Theory of Learning Sensory stimulation theory learning means that this theory can be applied towards learning. That is, by stimulating the senses, the individual’s learning can be enhanced. For example, if a person prefers to learn through visual aids, “seeing” materials should be used. Another person may prefer listening and thus, audio related education materials should then ...
All of these theories are every important to me because I see how they can help people shape their personality compared to the one in the dispositional theory. Compare and Contrast of Dispositional and Learning Theories I believe after looking at all the theories that are a part of both the major theories they are all very different and they discuss different things.
In all of the learning theories are explained in a way that is easy to understand but the dispositional theories are hard to understand. A comparison between these theories is that they deal with personality but they also state that personality is affected by different things. Another contrast that I believe is between the dispositional theories and the learning theories is that the learning theories were influenced by others in the world of psychology where as the dispositional theories were discovered on their own.
I truly believe that both theories offer a lot of important information that should be studied because each theory shows how different things can shape and affect our personality. Description of the Role of Personality has in Affecting Situational Behavior I found that “personality depends largely upon an individual’s experience and the perception the one is choosing to hold” (Sharpe 2012, para 2).
I believe that when it comes to the role of personality in affecting situational behavior you have to look at the situation.
For instance when I am at the bar for karaoke my personality is ready to sing but if I am at the bar and there is not karaoke my personality wants me to get out of there as fast as I can because my personality does not like drunk people. According to Sharpe (2012), “When basic human needs go unmet, a motivating force from within develops to drive the person to get the need satisfied” (para. 3).
I agree with this statement and believe that this is also a description of the role of personality in affecting situational behavior.
Personality Characteristics Attributed to the Dispositional and Learning Theories In both theories the main personality characteristics are the environment and emotions. Both of theories state that the environment affects how our personality develops. For example my childhood environment was very bad and affected my personality. Both theories state that our emotions affect our personalities all the time. For me my emotions affect my personality all the time for example when I am in a bad mood the bad part of my personality.
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Interpersonal Relational Aspects of Dispositional and Learning Theories When it comes to the dispositional theory the researchers of this theory does not really discuss interpersonal relationships. Allport’s entire theory talk about self sustaining and everything that is a part of your personality comes from the choices you have made. In Eysenck, McCrae, and Costa also does not talk about interpersonal relationships at all and only discuss self centeredness. On to the learning theory some of them do not discuss interpersonal relationships and some do.
For instance the social cognitive theory and the cognitive social learning theory discusses external factor that affect our personality which I believe includes interpersonal relationships but the behavioral analysis and the psychology of personal constructs do not talk about interpersonal relationships at all. Conclusion This paper has taught me a lot of information that I have not learned about before. I believe that both of the main theories that I have discussed in this paper are very important to study and have all different believes about how personality develops and is affected.
If I was asked which one I believe is correct or more important than the other I would have to say that the learning theories at least for me makes more sense than the dispositional theories. References Feist, J. , & Feist, G. J. (2009).
Theories of Personality, Seventh Edition [University of Phoenix Custom Edition eBook]. New York City, NY: McGraw-Hill Company. Sharpe, F. (2012).
The Role of Personality in Affecting Situational Behavior. Retrieved from http://beingdrphoenix. wordpress. com/2012/08/24/the-role-of-personality-in-affecting-situational-behavior/
