Philosophical Questions In his Meditation I Descartes requires the method of doubt as a precondition of knowledge. Lets examine Descartes famous warranted assertion Cogito, ergo sum (I think, therefore, I am) within the framework of the method of doubt as a precondition of knowledge. This assertion becomes the crucial moment because the assertion guarantees verity. The essence of the matter is that in case the statement is asserted, it means that somebody should accomplish this assertion; in case the assertion is accomplished by me, this somebody should be me. There is no necessity to assert that I cannot use this argument to prove the existence of somebody else. Yet, my assertion of any statement (whether it is truthful or false) with respect to myself (or with respect to somebody else) guarantees that I am (I exist).
It means that the person, who asserts, consciously thinks over this assertion.
This is the concept of the logics the statement is the assertion, and, therefore, it should be asserted by somebody. In his Meditation I Descartes uses the method of doubt. He doubts in anything that has no authentic wording, factual explanation or reliable determination. Descartes asserts that knowledge is rational. What does it mean? Descartes merely neglects the importance of our senses in the capacity of the source of our knowledge and instead argues that the knowledge is based on the reason and logical activities of our mind. Locke proposed another interpretation that is nearly direct opposite of Descartes.
The Homework on Personal Statement: Graduate school program in teaching at the secondary level
I believe I am more than qualified to be admitted to the secondary education program of the Graduate school as I possess the needed knowledge, talents, skills, and most of all, attitude that would help me become successful in my profession. I firmly believe that teaching is the right career for me because I find joy in seeing people, particularly the youth, grow using the lessons and values I have ...
He asserts that all knowledge is based in sense perception and derives from experience. Basically, Locke claimed that all ideas that contain in the human mind, in the final analysis should originate from sight, hearing, sense of smell, sense of touch and taste, peculiar to our senses. The reason, according to him, in reality may only organize and screen the material the human mind receives through the senses. The argument of subordination of the human mind to senses was one of the most important in empiricism. Locke used quite simple but very effective strategy to refute the assertion that only reason may give us knowledge. Instead of examining our requirements to the cognition, he proposed to examine the question of the source (e.g.
what is the source the ideas are taken from?) In case our requirements to the cognition have sense, these words should correspond to certain ideas in our mind. Otherwise we will have the feeling that we tell something, whereas in reality we do not assert anything. According to Locke, our mind from the moment of birth may be compared to the clean sheet of paper. If I had to choose, the Lockes position seems most supportable to me, because his ideas are quite logical. In his turn, Kant argued that sense perception and reason operate together to produce knowledge, and that knowledge is the product of the synthesis of our perceptions and our rationality. According to Kant, our minds are constructed in such a way that they superimpose the basis of interpretative conceptions on our sensual inputs.
Objectivity and casual interconnectivity are related to these concepts. The use of objectivity and casual interconnectivity transforms passive intake of sensual data in so called experience. Human abilities of perception are made in such a way that when the raw data falls under the interpreting activity of our concepts, they already have spatial and temporal shapes due to the nature of our sense perception. Our experience that is examined as something related to the perception by our mind should be understood as the experience of the spatial structured world. We impose categories on space-time data (e.g. the concepts that make the experience to be reality, by attaching a certain character to the nature of concept).
The Essay on What Is Meant By Bottom-up And Top-down Processing In Sense And Perception?
Bottom-up processing is the analysis that begins with the sense receptors and works up to the brain’s integration of sensory information. It describes the work of sensory receptors that change stimuli into neural messages that most usually reaches the brain. Sensation is the process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receives stimulus energies from our environment. Bottom-up ...
Finally, we came to the understanding of Kants position in case skeptic asks us to substantiate our assertion of knowledge, we make it by explaining the facts how the experience is constructed. Bibliography Gould, James A. Classic Philosophical Question. New York: MacMillan, 1993..
