Physical – Children grow taller as they get older and as weight and height increase we can refer to the increase as a process of growth. Development is changes that might be complex and a change of some ability as well as height and weight.
Everybody grows and develops but maturation is a different from these. Maturation is used when development is assumed to be due to a genetically programmed sequence of change.
A norm is something that is expected to happen, although there are norms every child develops in their own way. Norms are only used to describe the rough timing in when things happen in development but if a child develops faster or slower than the norms it doesn’t mean there is anything wrong. Milestone is sometimes used instead of norms but they practically mean the same thing, milestone describes the skills children may be expected to develop during the first months and years of life.
Developmental Norms (Milestone) – Examples Milestone Age Baby can sit unaided 6 – 9 months Baby can crawl 8 – 10 months Baby can walk unaided 12 – 13 months Infant can say a few words 9 – 12 months Puberty begins 10 Girls 12 Boys Menopause ( females) 45 – 55 years
Intellectual – intellectual development means the start and improvement of thinking and language skills, it relates to mental processes such as thinking, memory and judgment.
The Term Paper on Summarising the Main Aspects of a Child’s Development 0-2, 3-5 and 5-8 Years
Physical After a baby is born their physical development starts with lying on their back, touching their toes and discovering their fingers, they can also turn their head to smell their mother’s breast. As the child grows it will become more agile and begin to hold its own head, shuffle, crawl and eventually walk unaided. At the age of two they will be more confident on their feet and even start ...
It affects the ability of the human brain to think, remember and use language effectively. Jean Piaget, a Swiss psychologist believed that ‘children think differently than adults and stated they go through 4 universal stages of cognitive development’. Development is therefore biologically based and changes as the child matures. Cognition therefore develops in all children in the same sequence of stages.
Each child goes through the stages in the same order, and no stage can be missed out – although some individuals may never attain the later stages. There are individual differences in the rate at which children progress through stages. Piaget did not claim that a particular stage was reached at a certain age – although descriptions of the stages often include an indication of the age at which the average child would reach each stage.
Piaget’s stages of cognitive development: Life Stage Social Development Sensorimotor stage: birth – 2 Born with the ability to sense objects Born with reflexes which lead to ‘motor’ (using fine and gross muscles) actions The pre-operational stage: 2 – 7 Children do not think in a logical way Can use words to communicate but do not understand the logic of the words The concrete operational stage: 7 – 11 Children begin to use logic They start to understand rules and simple logical puzzles The formal operational stage: 11 + Start to form logical reasoning, an adult can solve complex problems in their head.
Another part of intellectual development is the development of language skills, language skills are important because they are need to express feelings, this way when having a conversation people can understand the feelings they are having. It is also needed to communicate needs and give information and develop relationships and imagination.
At around 3 months infants begin to make babbling noises because they are learning to control the muscles associated with speech. At around 12 months they begin to imitate sounds made by carers such as da-da, this then develops into the use of single words.
At around 2 they start to make two-word statements and build their knowledge of words. At round 3 years of age they begin to say simple sentences with a rapid growth of vocabulary. At around 4 when they start childhood they use clearer sentences that are understood by everyone but they are expected to make mistakes with grammar and from 5 years onwards children can using full adult terms, although vocabulary will continue to grow most children are expected to use language effectively by age 5.
The Homework on Psychosocial stage of development
According to Erickson’s psychosocial stage of development my age lies under the fourth stage i. e. industry versus inferiority. This stage starts from age 6 to 12 and in this stage a child is shifting from dependent circumstances to more independent circumstances. Like in this stage he becomes more desired to achieve something or to finish his tasks completely. He came out of that age of fantasy ...
