political economy Paradigm In 1615 there appeared in France a text cmpsed by a certain Antine De Mntchretien titled Traite de lEcnmie Plitique. This seems t be the first time when the expressin Ecnmie Plitique (Plitical Ecnmy) is emplyed. At that time cmmercial exchanges between twn and cuntry were increasingly supplemented by trade between natin states. That is why the interest f the first mdern ecnmists is centred n the rle f agriculture and n the way t manage trade. Accrding t their schlarly interests and psitins, the first ecnmists were classified and assigned t tw different schls: the Physicrats, wh stressed the imprtance f agriculture as the real surce f wealth; and the ther ne – the Mercantilists, wh cnsidered wealth t result frm a favrable balance f trade. Being a socialist, Friedrich Engels characterized political economy as a natural result of the expansion of trade, and with its appearance elementary, unscientific huckstering was replaced by a developed system of licensed fraud, an entire science of enrichment. Engels is clearly against the political economy paradigm and argues that the Industrial Revolution made workers worse off.
To make his point more vivid, the author of The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 compares death-rates in the countryside and among workers. He finds that in cities like Manchester and Liverpool mortality from smallpox, measles, scarlet fever and whooping cough was four times as high as in the surrounding countryside, and mortality from convulsions was ten times as high as in the countryside. Compared to the urban ecology paradigm, political economy is more conservative. Urban ecology is the subfield of ecology which deals with the interaction of plants, animals and humans with each other and with their environment in urban or urbanizing settings. Political economy paradigm assumes that people can benefit solely from using their land resources for producing and selling products, whereas the urban ecology theory goes much further and tries to find ways of effective usage of plants and animals without causing any harmful circumstances.
The Essay on Political economy
Most people don’t think about their country’s economy unless it happens to be the nature of their business or unless it somehow directly or indirectly has an impact on the manner of living to which they’ve become accustomed. Economy is the financial circumstance of a country based on its level of prosperity which is determined by the success or failure of it business practices and dealings and ...
Bibliography:
Outlines of a Critique of Political Economy by Frederick Engels; Written in October and November 1843; First published in the DeutschFranzosische Jahrbucher, 1844; ONLINE VERSION: Translated by Martin Milligan for the Collected Works.
Wikipedia article, The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844, retrieved on Nov. 7, 2008; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Condition_of_the_ Working_Class_in_England_in_1844 Wikipedia article, Urban Ecology, retrieved on Nov. 7, 2008; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_ecology Wikipedia article, Political Economy, retrieved on Nov. 7, 2008; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_economy.
