In other words, it is percentage change in quantity demanded by the percentage change in price of the same commodity. In economics and business studies, the price elasticity of demand is a measure of the sensitivity of quantity demanded to changes in price. It is measured as elasticity, that is, it measures the relationship as the ratio of percentage changes between quantity demanded of a good and changes in its price. In simpler words, demand for a product can be said to be very inelastic if consumers will pay almost any price for the product, and very elastic if consumers will only pay a certain price, or a narrow range of prices, for the product.
Inelastic demand means a producer can raise prices without much hurting demand for its product, and elastic demand means that consumers are sensitive to the price at which a product is sold and will not buy it if the price rises by what they consider too much. Drinking water is a good example of a good that has inelastic characteristics in that people will pay anything for it (high or low prices with relatively equivalent quantity demanded), so it is not elastic. On the other hand, demand for sugar is very elastic because as the price of sugar increases, there are many substitutions which consumers may switch to.
ValueMeaning
Ed = 0Perfectly inelastic.
– 1 > Ed > 0Relatively inelastic.
Ed = – 1Unit (or unitary) elastic.
The Research paper on What Factors Affect The Demand Of Mobile Telephone Products?
... because of this the demand for mobile phones has become more inelastic. The demand was previously elastic. An increase in price resulted in a much ... project is about analysing the factors affecting the demand of mobile telephone products. The case study that will be included is the ... their fixed line counterparts. This could well change in the future as the price of mobile phone calls are driven down ...
∞ > Ed > – 1Relatively elastic.
Ed = ∞Perfectly elastic.
A price fall usually results in an increase in the quantity demanded by consumers. The demand for a good is relatively inelastic when the change in quantity demanded is less than change in price. Goods and services for which no substitutes exist are generally inelastic. Demand for an antibiotic, for example, becomes highly inelastic when it alone can kill an infection resistant to all other antibiotics. Rather than die of an infection, patients will generally be willing to pay whatever is necessary to acquire enough of the antibiotic to kill the infection. Various research methods are used to calculate price elasticity:
•Test markets
•Analysis of historical sales data
•Conjoint analysis
Price elasticity is always negative, although analysts tend to ignore the sign. It is always negative due to the very nature of demand, if the price increases, less is demanded, and thus quantity change is negative, leading to a negative price elasticity of demand. Conversely, if price falls, this negative value will lead to a negative price elasticity of demand value.
Determinants
•Substitutes: The more substitutes, the higher the elasticity, as people can easily switch from one good to another if a minor price change is made. •Percentage of income: The higher the percentage that the product’s price is of the consumer’s income, the higher the elasticity, as people will be careful with purchasing the good because of its cost. •Necessity: The more necessary a good is, the lower the elasticity, as people will attempt to buy it no matter the price, such as the case of insulin for those that need it.
•Duration: The longer a price change holds, the higher the elasticity, as more and more people will stop demanding the goods (i.e. if you go to the supermarket and find that blueberries have doubled in price, you’ll buy it because you need it this time, but next time you won’t, unless the price drops back down again) •Breadth of definition: The broader the definition, the lower the elasticity. For example, Company X’s fried dumplings will have a relatively high elasticity, whereas food in general will have an extremely low elasticity (see Substitutes, Necessity above).
The Essay on Price Elasticity of Demand of Newspapers
The price elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of quantity demanded to a change in price. In other words, it measures by how much the quantity demanded will vary if there is a change in price. If a small decrease in the price of the product causes a huge increase in the quantity demanded, then the product is said to be price elastic. When the demand is price elastic, a fall in price ...
