SMOKE DETECTORS | ionising radiation can damage living cells and these may be killed or may become cancerous Ionising radiation can initiate a cancer and can cause hereditary defects| In paper mills, the thickness of the paper can be controlled by measuring how much beta radiation passes through the paper to a Geiger counter. THICKNESS CONTROL | | | Ionising radiation is dangerous because when it comes into contact with our skin, electrons are knocked away in the cells which are in vulnerable tissue. This ionises cells in the body.
This ionisation damage cells and the damage done depends on the exposure to radiation. Short exposure leads to cell mutation and the development of cancer. Long exposure leads to lots of cells being destroyed and to radiation sickness. | Even after it has been packaged, gamma rays can be used to kill bacteria, mould and insects in food. This process prolongs the shelf-life of the food, but sometimes changes the taste. Gamma rays are also used to sterilize hospital equipment, especially plastic syringes that would be damaged if heated. STERILIZING| To ionize is to knock some or all of the electrons off an atom, and this sually knocks an atom right out of its molecule too. Each DNA molecule in your body is fragile and being exposed to ionizing radiation of any type is a bit like using an art gallery as an impromptu shooting range or shot-put throwing field. When a cell’s DNA is damaged three things can happen. The cell can sometimes repair itself and go on, the cell realizes its DNA is smashed beyond repair and it commits cellular suicide to prevent possibility three, or it’s DNA does not repair correctly and now reads as something else. If you lose too many cells you can die immediately. Radiation sickness is not pleasant.
The Essay on How does radiation damage DNA
Mobile phones harm body cells and damage DNA Radio waves from mobile phones harm body cells and damage DNA in laboratory conditions, The research project, which took four years and which was coordinated by the German research group Verum, studied the effect of radiation on human and animal cells in a laboratory. After being exposed to electromagnetic fields that are typical for mobile phones, the ...
All your body’s systems start to break down| Animals and plants have a known proportion of Carbon-14 (a radioisotope of Carbon) in their tissues. When they die they stop taking Carbon in, then the amount of Carbon-14 goes down at a known rate (Carbon-14 has a half-life of 5700 years).
The age of the ancient organic materials can be found by measuring the amount of Carbon-14 that is left. RADIOACTIVE DATING| Ionising radiation has enough energy to rip the electrons from their atoms, destroying the molecules. This can lead to DNA damage, which in turn leads to cell death, and damaged tissues and organs. Radioisotopes can be used for medical purposes, such as checking for a blocked kidney. To do this a small amount of Iodine-123 is injected into the patient, after 5 minutes 2 Geiger counters are placed over the kidneys. RADIOACTIVE TACERS | You don’t turn into the incredible hulk because each change will be random and vary by cell. Most of them just don’t do their job as efficiently. However a subset of a subset of the damaged cells is broken in such a way that they do nothing but copy themselves. | Because Gamma rays can kill living cells, they are used to kill cancer cells without having to resort to difficult surgery.
This is called “radiotherapy” and works because cancer cells can’t repair themselves when damaged by gamma rays, as healthy cells can. CANCER TREATMENT| One mutant cell makes two, those two make four, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, it’s simple math and eventually you grow a mass of millions of these berserk self-replicating cells called a tumour. You now have cancer. The tumour cells will keep growing until they kill the host| Non Ionisation Uses of non ionising radiation Danger of non ionising radiation Radio waves are the lowest frequencies in he electromagnetic spectrum, and are used mainly for “Ultra High Frequency”, and have wavelengths of less than meters. It’s used for Police radio communications, television transmissions and military aircraft radios – although military communications are now mostly digital and encrypted. | High levels of exposure to UV light can be harmful as it can cause sunburn, as well as increasing your risk of developing melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. | Microwaves cause water and fat molecules to vibrate, which makes the substances hot. So we can use it to cook many types of food.
The Essay on The Cell Cycle And Cancer Worksheet
1. In which phase of mitosis do each of the following occur: a. Centromeres split and chromosomes move toward opposite sides of the cell- Anaphase b. Chromatin coils to form visible chromosomes – Prophase c. The nuclear membrane disappears- Prophase d. Sister chromatids line up in the center of the cell- Metaphase 2. In which phases of mitosis are sister chromatids visible, and attached to ...
Microwaves are used for speed cameras by fixed traffic and used by radar, which is used by aircraft, ships and weather forecasters. | Prolonged exposure to microwaves causes “cataracts” in your eyes, which is a clouding of the lens, preventing you from seeing clearly (if at all! ) So don’t make a habit of pressing your face against the microwave oven door to see if your food’s ready! | Another name for Infra-red waves is “IR”. They are used for many tasks, for example, remote control for TVs and video recorders, and physiotherapists use heat lamps to help heal sport injuries.
IR is also used for short-range communications, for example between mobile phones, or for the Dolby Screen talk headset system used in some cinemas. | During work at high temperatures infrared light is emitted, for example during welding, or from heat lamps and plasma sources. The biggest risks are for the eyes and skin. In the infrared area the area poses the biggest risk (retinal damage and ashen cataract).
and are less dangerous but can also cause cornea damage after prolonged exposure. The eyes are also sensitive for excessive light.
The greatest risk is in the 400-500 nm range Here the skin can be burntk, The danger to people for too much Infra-Red radiation is very simpleoverheating| We use light to see things! As the Sun sends so much light towards our planet, we’ve evolved to make use of those particular wavelengths in order to sense our environment. Light waves can also be made using a laser. This works differently to a light bulb, and produces “coherent” light. Lasers are used in compact disc & DVD players, where the light is reflected from the tiny pits in the disc, and the pattern is detected and translated into sound or data. Too much light can damage the retina in your eye. This can happen when you look at something very bright, such as the Sun. Although the damage can heal, if it’s too bad it’ll be permanent. Which can cause permanent blindness? | Uses for UV light include getting a sun tan, detecting forged bank notes in shops, and hardening some types of dental filling. Ultraviolet rays can be used to kill microbes. Hospitals use UV lamps to sterilise surgical equipment and the air in operating theatres. Food and drug companies also use UV lamps to sterilise their products. Large doses of UV can damage the retina in your eyes, so it’s important to check that your sunglasses will block UV light. The cheaper sunglasses tend not to protect you against UV, and this can be really dangerous. When you wear sunglasses the pupils of your eye get bigger, because less light reaches them. This means that if your sunglasses don’t block UV, you’ll actually get more ultra-violet light in your eyes than if you didn’t wear them, although you won’t notice at the time. So before you buy sunglasses, check that they offer UV protection! | | | | |
The Essay on Major Problem Light Eye Lens
Have you ever looked up to the sky at night, and wondered what stars look like up close? Have you ever wondered how astronomers take pictures of other planets with such detail? Although the human eyes are superb detectors, they cannot see extremely faint objects or fine details on distant objects. For example, you would not be able to read the print on your skateboard magazine when it is on the ...
