Good morning friends and classmates. Good morning, Sir. In this report, we will talk about the concept of Projectile Motion. Now, for you to have a clearer concept of what you had in mind about this and before I give you the definition, I want to start with giving you an example. So, I want you guys to help me in this. (Draws on the board as she tells the story) So imagine that there is this tall, crazy guy on jersey no. (insert no. here) who has a ball with him and he happened to be boarded with all of you on a plane which is now on almost half-way to your destination.
So he made a scene by opening the door as you guys are flying and he is freaking out, almost screaming, (Changes voice) “Yo pilot! If you’re not gonna let me drop this ball, I’m gonna freak you all out! ” and the pilot says, “Wooow, hold it right there. Okay, do whatever you want man, just please don’t threaten my physics-class passengers and hijack my plane. ” Then the crazy man throws the ball. (Draws a curve path of the ball).
Then the ball falls here after a second (draws a dot on the line), then here after a minute (another dot) and here after quite other minutes (another dot).
The ball did not fall straight forward on the ground but it followed a curved path. This is because of the forces acting on it, like for one, gravity. So back in the story, the crazy man settled down on his seat and everyone on the plane went back to their businesses as if nothing happened. That my friends, the thing that happened with the ball, is your projectile motion. However, we also have a meaning we got from our sources, (change slide)
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projectile motion is a branch of classical mechanics in which the motion of an object (the projectile) is analyzed under the influence of the constant acceleration of gravity, after it has been propelled with some initial velocity. And, Projectile motion refers to the motion of an object projected into the air at an angle. (change slide) Other examples are, Soccer ball being kicked. A baseball being thrown. An athlete long jumping. Fireworks. Water fountains. (changes slide) (Pictures of the samples shown) Which you can see here, travels a similar curved path.
The curved path travelled by the ball and the other examples is what we call the Trajectory (changes slide).
As defined, Trajectory is the path taken by an object moving in air or space under the influence of forces such as thrust, wind resistance and gravity. For experiment 3, we have included 2 objectives: To understand the different factors that affect a projectile’s motion and its trajectory and to identify the relationship of the projectile’s components. (changes slide) Ayan, next ay yung methodology.
Una, yung mga ginamit nating materials ay ang mga sumusunod: Mini-launcher kasama yung steel ball bilang yung projectile, measuring tape or meter stick para ma-measure natin yung distances, carbon paper and blank sheets of paper para mas medaling malaman kung san tumama yung steel ball, aat masking tape pandikit sa mga papel. (changes slide) Ito namang susunod ay yung procedures. Hinati sa tatlo, una procedures para makuha yung Initial velocity ng projectile, pangalawa ay para makuha yung range ng projectile at panghuli ay para makita yung trajectory nung projectile.
Para malaman yung initial velocity ng projectile, ganito yung set-up. Sinecure natin yung mini-launcher dito sa gilid ng mesa(turo sa edge ng mesa) in a way na kapantay (or horizontally) niya yung table. Tapos kinarga natin yung steel ball sa launcher hanggang sa narinig natin yung pangalawang click. Binaril? Finire, you know, natin yung mini-launcher para ma-test muna at makita kung saan expected na tumama yung ball sa sahig. Ayan, after naman nun eh di nilagay na natin yung bond paper dun sa target area tapos yung carbon paper naman ay sa ibabaw ng bond paper para makita yung mark nung steel ball pag tumama.
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Tapos nilagyan ulit natin ng ball yung launcher tapos binaril/ finire ulit natin. Bale apat na beses natin tong ginawa. After nung four trials, gamit naman yung meter stick, mineasure natin yung horizontal and vertical distance mula dun sa mark nung bola sa paper hanggang dun sa origin natin na naka-indicate sa gilid ng launcher. Nirecord yung mga nakuhang measurements tapos compute na nung velocity. (changes slide) ito bale yung itsura nung nagging set-up, galling to sa protocol. (changes slide) Ito yung results na nakuha namin. Sa compution ng initial velocity nung projectile, ito yung formula namin (sulat ng formula sa board).
Yung result na nakuha naming ay 396. 31 cm per second squared. (changes slide) itong next naman ay yung range ng projectile natin. Tulad nung kanina, sa edge pa rin ng table ilalagay yung mini-launcher pero this time dapat kapag binaril na natin ung launcher, sa table tatama yung steel ball. Yung mga bond paper naman at carbon paper kanina, ililipat din natin sa table. Tapos imbes na dalawang click yung sa steel ball pag nilagay sa launcher, isang click na lang at dapat naka-incline yung launcher natin sa angle na nalagay sa table sa protocol.
Tapos ayun, fire na natin yung launcher tapos imeasure natin yung distance mula sa mark hanggang sa origin na nakaindicate sa launcher. Bale tatlong trial per angle ang gagawin natin. (changes slide) ito naman yung itsura nung set-up based sa protocol. (changes slide) ito yung mga nakuha naming results sa 20 degrees, 30, 45, 60 at 70 degrees. Dito sa table, makikita natin na nung inclined yung launcher ng 45 degrees, yun yung may pinakamataas na range. Kumbaga increasing yung range mula 20 hanggang 30 degrees tapos peak yung sa 45 degrees tapos nung 60-70 degrees naman decreasing na yung range nung projectile.
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Kapag titignan natin yung results graphically, ito yung kakalabasan. Ayan, mej parabola yung itsura niya. Hindi nga lang siya smooth pero danun yung idea. (changes slide) Part three of the lab exercise is about trajectory. For this part, place the gun on the side of the table but don’t secure it with clamps. After that, set the angle of release at a constant angle with the gun facing the wall. The angle may be between 30° and 45°. Then, starting with the greatest possible range X, the gun was released. This means that, as far as possible with the ball not having a negative Y value.
The position of impact along the wall was then marked using carbon paper and bond paper. Each Y relative to the level of the origin of the ball was measured. Then, the gun was moved closer to the wall until it’s firing point blank at the wall. (changes slide) A total of 15-20 measurement of Y corresponding with the range X. finally, the data is recorded. (changes slide) Figure 3 shows the set-up for this part of the lab exercise. (changes slide)The results, as you can see, is shown in table 3 which is trajectory of the projectiles at a 40o angle of release.
Kasi un ung napili naming na angle na gamitin. Makikita nyo naman ung data so isa-summarize ko na lang. Medyo hindi siya acuurate, pero as the x-Range in cm decreases the y-expt’l also in centimeters increases. (changes slide)Figure 5 shows the graph of the trajectory of the projectile at 40o angle and a graph of a parabola. The blue line is the parabola and pink line is the y-expt’l. Based on the graph, the parabola shows that as there is an inclination from angle 140o to 68o, then a declination occurs from 68o 45o.
So sa 68o nya mare-reach ung kanyang maximum height. (changes slide) Conclusion : Based on the experiment we did and also on researches we have read… A projectile would be very accurate with the absence of factors that affects its movement. Such factors that affect the resulting motion of a projectile would be human error, wind resistance and gravity (9. 8m/s2).
The 2 dimensional motion of a projectile is the combination of the horizontal motion and the vertical motion affected by the acceleration due to gravity.
A projectile is affected by the angle of inclination from which it was released and different range of values may result from different angle of inclination. (Changes slide) Error Analysis : The complementary angles, based on the experiment done, result to having a range of close values but not equal. And maybe we have shaken the table a little bit. (Change slide) Recommendation : The mini-launcher should be stable and the different parameters such as the angle of inclination and height of the mini-launcher should be checked every after one shot.
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Additional Information (Trivia) : Airplanes and birds are not considered projectiles because they are self-propelled. Only when they are on air they can be considered projectiles. Ayan, tapos na po report namin. May questions po ba or clarifications? Wala? Okay. Ako may tanong, ano ito (yung hintuturo, parang superman pero may trajectory – parang yung projectile motion din)? (Audience) ——— Spear yun. Ano naman ito (Same nung action kanina pero yumuyugyog yung kamay)? (Audience) ———- Siret? Shakespeare naman yun. Havey? Waley? Okay.
