Marla is a 42 year old female who suffers from Dysthymic Disorder. Her symptoms have been trouble sleeping during the night, feeling Jumpy and having difficulty concentrating. Her symptoms are vague and could fit several many mental psychological disorders such as post traumatic stress or anxiety. My suspicion however, based on her difficulty concentrating,points me towards Dysthymic disorder. I suspect these symptoms may have been going for sometime because they have progressed to a point that it interrupts with her work, which is an accountant. Further questioning Marla, will give me her past medical history and rule out any physical contributors or medical physical conditions that can cause similar symptoms, such as Hypothyroidism. A clinical interview will aid in confirming my suspicion and allow proper diagnose for Marla and aid in her treatment.
Dysthymic Disorder is a mild, yet, chronic depression with less severity than major depression. Its a daily constant mood for about two years. With symptoms of feeling lethargic, fatigue, sleep or appetite disturbances, and low self-esteem are usually linked symptoms too. Symptoms are similar to depression but dysthymia can have a bigger affect in ones life because it last so long. Normal functioning can be impaired because the lack of motivation caused by dysthymia can make one feel hopeless, unproductive, or feelings of low self-image. Many assume those who suffer from dysthymia can be over critical, constantly complaining and inept of having a good time. First sign of symptoms are usually seen early in life are similar of those of depression, a pessimistic attitude, poor school performance, or lack of social skills are all early signs.
The Term Paper on Adolescent Psychological Disorder: Depression
Depression is a common psychological disorder which is more likely to be experienced by young people. Although this psychological disorder could be manifested in all age range, studies show that individuals who are in their adolescence to early adulthood stage have greater tendency to feel depress (Costell, Swendsen & Rose, 173, 2008). This disorder is often accompanied by feelings of sadness, ...
The origin of dysthymia known as the double depression comes from the word thalamus and thyroid and hence the correct pronunciation of dysthymia is [dis THEIGH me ah] (McGraw-Hill, 2007).
A minimum of three-quarters of people with dysthymia have other psychiatric or medical disorder, so symptoms can be a challenge to see and properly diagnose. Dysthymia affects about 3-5% of general population and occurs more frequently in women than men. This disorder can drain the individual and the pleasure out of life; however they might relent for a day or two then go back to their previous symptoms. Every couple of years or so symptoms may vanish too, but only for a month or two and then return. Other disorders co-occur with dysthymia, such as anxiety, eating, personality, and substance abuse. Many individuals try to diagnose themselves with this disorder, however it is highly recommended to seek professional aid and see a psychologist for proper diagnoses and adequate treatment. When any of the symptoms mentioned above affect an individual to the point where it may impair normal functioning, that is the right time to seek professional help.
Marla is having issues at work because her symptoms are affecting her normal functioning lifestyle. In my clinical interview with Marla I would ask her the following questions:
1.Tell me about yourself?
2.What medications are you currently taking?
3.Why are you here?
4.How would you describe your social life?
5.How long have you had these symptoms?
6.What kind of relationship do you have with your father? And mother?
7.What do you remember most about your childhood?
8.What makes you happy at the moment?
9.What upsets you the most in your personal life?
10.Do you consider yourself a healthy individual?
After careful observations and carefully assessing Marla, I would go over what her goals are in her future and see what treatment options are adequate for treatment in her case. The causes of dysthymia are unknown however they are similar to depression. Biochemical can be a factor, individuals with depression have physical changes in their brain, and this may also apply to dysthymia patients as well. Neurotransmitters are linked to our mood and an imbalance of these neurotransmitters can play a role in causing dysthymia. Genetics is also a cause, genes are common factors disorders and family history whether known or unknown can also be the appearing cause for dysthymia. Environmental contributions or life situations that are difficult to cope with such as a lost loved one, financial problems, or high levels f stress can be factors associated with depression. I would suggest or perform laboratory tests to rule out any other medical problems and screen for drugs and alcohol which can create similar symptoms or simply be co-occurring issues too. A physical examination will be assessed to review vital signs.
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For many psychologists and psychiatrists, the ongoing process of finding a suitable and more effective treatment therapy for bipolar disorder is one rough road to take. The main question that always lingers to these doctors is how to control and avoid relapse of the illness happening to the individual afflicted with it. This question likewise is put into balance equilibrium with the inquiry of the ...
Marla treatment can be a combination of medications and psychotherapy. Medications are highly effective in treating this disorder and tend to be more effective when combined with psychotherapy. Medications like antidepressants which are used to treat depression are very effective for dysthymia. Medications such as: Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) Norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs) Combined reuptake inhibitors and receptor blockers
Tetracyclic antidepressants
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) Psychotherapy can aid Marla to better understand her condition and teach her coping skills. It will give her insight in regards to her mood, feelings, thoughts, and behavior. Gaining knowledge can aid to better coping skills and stress management. It can aid to better decision making, which Marla has been having a difficult time at her work lately. Psychotherapy can improve self-defeating behavioral patterns. Psychotherapy can also help with life goals and how to learn self-care steps.
There is no certain way to prevent this disorder, dysthymia usually begins in childhood early identification can be beneficial since it can lead to early treatment. Early learning techniques can aid to better stress control and boost self-esteem which is a symptom associated with dysthymia. By early treatment rough spells can be eliminated or reduce and aid to better social skills. Long-term treatment can prevent further damaged and prevent relapse. Family therapy is also recommended so they can have a better understanding of what Marla is going through. Support is very important for treatment and building social and learning coping skills.
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AIDS caused by HIV infections through the transmission of human body liquids. It is recognized now as the most lethal virus among the world. There s no exact cure for it; drugs (medical treatments), physiotherapy, and the recent developed "Cocktail Treatment" seem to be the choices that a patient can relay on. Even though there is reports that people with HIV infected are being denied medical or ...
