State University College of Engineering, Architecture, Fine Arts and Computing Sciences ECE/ ICE/ MexE Department Public Address System Project Submitted By: Members Castillote, Mari Kirby C. Magpantay, Mara Charmaine Mauhay, Jake C. Samortin, John Patrick Sulit, Christine Aira M. Submitted To: Engr. Ralph Gerard Sangalang Instructor May 23, 2013 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This project would not have been possible without the guidance and the help of several individuals who in one way or another contributed and extended their valuable assistance in the preparation and completion of this study.
First and foremost we take this opportunity to express our profound gratitude and deep regards to our guide, Engr. Ralph Gerard B. Sangalang for his exemplary guidance, monitoring and constant encouragement throughout the course of this research. The blessing, help and guidance given by him time to time shall carry us a long way in the journey of life on which we are about to embark.
Last but not the least, our parents, brother, sisters and friends and the one above all of us, the omnipresent God, for answering our prayers for giving us the strength to plod on despite our constitution wanting to give up and throw in the towel, thank you so much Dear Lord. ABSTRACT There had been a number of projects that focuses on the important aspects of a Public Addressing System. This study was then conducted in order to understand and appreciate the working principles of PA systems from their construction, functions and daily applications.
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Specifically, this research aimed to identify the role and reliability of PA Systems. A Public Address (PA) system is a collection of audio equipment that allows broadcasts over a designated area. Often found in schools and office buildings, PA systems can be used for general announcements or emergency information, providing a simple way to get information out quickly. Basic PA systems are comprised of loudspeakers placed in convenient locations around a broadcasting area, an amplifier to increase the sound, and a mixer that adjusts audio levels.
The user speaks into a microphone, and the sound is transmitted through connected cables, or a wireless system, out through the speakers. Some systems also include microphones or intercoms near the speaker locations, allowing the listener to reply to the central location. These responses are not broadcast to the entire system, however, but only to the main user area. Many schools use a PA system to broadcast daily announcements about school activities, and often let students use it to give reports or announce special events. The device can also function as an emergency warning system.
In case of fires, earthquakes or other natural disasters, administrators often use a PA system to instruct students and teachers on where to go and how to respond. With the tragic rise in school shootings in the early 21st Century, many schools have installed special emergency warnings through these systems to alert students and staff about a violent attack on the campus. This type of public announcement hardware provides someone with extremely limited broadcasting range, often including only a single speaker, but still serves to amplify the user’s voice. CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION TO THE RESEARCH
A public address amplifier raises the volume of speech so people can be heard clearly in a large area or throughout a building. Inputs feed from one or more microphones through the device, which increases the power of the signal. The amplifier pushes the signal to outputs which relay the speech through speakers or horns, depending on the design of the system. Some systems are very complex and provide coverage throughout a building or complex, while others are small and mobile, designed for activities like giving lectures in classrooms or public facilities.
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At a minimum, the public address amplifier has at least one microphone input and a speaker output or built-in speaker. Many include several different microphone channels to allow people to use the system from several locations. At a music venue, for example, the public address system might include microphones in the box office, in the technical booth, and on the stage itself, providing several areas for making announcements. This can be especially important in emergencies, where personnel may need to convey information quickly.
Mixers can also be embedded into a public address amplifier. The controls allow an operator to adjust the curve of the sound for different settings and speakers. Someone who is naturally loud, for example, may require some level adjustment so the amplification doesn’t cause distortion. Advanced systems apply mixers to different channels to allow technicians to control the levels for each microphone input. This provides greater control and functionality. Some enable two way communications.
Microphone inputs by the speakers allow people receiving messages over the public address system to respond. At a school, for example, teachers may be able to activate a button to send a message to the office through the public address amplifier. This can be useful when people need to call for help or respond to a directive like a request to confirm that all the students are secured in the classroom during a lockdown. Costs for a public address amplifier can depend on the complexity of the system.
Sometimes it is possible to get a discount by purchasing an entire public address kit, including speakers, microphones, and wiring. When selecting a system, it is important to think about projected uses that may change over time, to ensure that the system is flexible enough to meet ongoing needs. 1. 1Statement of the Problem The proponents aim to construct a public address system which can be used to apply the learning we have acquired during the course, Electronics Circuits Analysis and Design as part of the subjects’ requirement.
The purpose of the study is to answer the following questions: 1. 2. 3. 1. 2 Significance of the Problem The study will be a significant endeavor in promoting a 1. 3 Assumptions 1. 4 Limitations 1. 5 Definition of Terms Amplifier – An electronic equipment that increases strength of signals passing through it. Decibel – A unit used to express relative difference in power or intensity, usually between two acoustic or electric signals, equal to ten times the common logarithm of the ratio of the two levels.
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Feedback – The return of a portion of the output of a process or system to the input, especially when used to maintain performance or to control a system or process. Gain – The amount an electronic circuit amplifies the original signal. CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE Presented in Chapter 2 is a synthesis of research that supports the construction of a public address system. The review focuses on the different equipments used in the said construction to amplify sound.
The chapter begins with a definition of learning styles, teaching styles, and matching, followed by the findings of researchers using various instruments to measure learning and teaching styles. The research outcomes germane to learning styles, teaching styles, and a match between the two in relation to course grades, final exam scores, and instructor evaluations are discussed. CHAPTER III: Design of the Study 3. 1 Description of Research Design and Procedures Used 3. 2 Sources of Data 3. 3 Statistical Treatment CHAPTER IV: Analysis of Data CHAPTER V: Summary and Conclusions
