‘We do not live alone. We are members of one body.’ How does this play highlight the theme of responsibility?
‘An Inspector Calls’ is a detective/drama play written in 1945 by J.B. Priestley. Priestley believed in very socialist views that are very much about sharing and same values for all. Theses get reflected in the play, most notably as his role as the inspector, where Priestley most outputs his views in direct contrast with Mr Birling. Priestley portrays Birling as an idiotic capitalist that is very misjudged at common courtesy, often mocking him for being very ignorant and the lack of responsibility he(and by extension, some of his family) takes when confronted with their wrong-doings.
Responsibility is to acknowledge that you have had some part to play in a event or chain of events. It does not always have to be negative but the idea of ‘taking responsibility’ is, as not many people would take responsibility for their own actions if negative. ‘An Inspector Calls’ follows this theme very well, showing us how some people are more allowing of themselves to take responsibility than others.
Priestley uses the setting time and the time he actually wrote the play to highlight the themes of responsibility between the two eras. Pre-1912, people were very harsh when it came to helping and this was a time when Capitalism was rampant. There was a very large gap between the rich and poor, and Priestley used this to emphasize how bad things were back in 1912 and how change would be better. As in 1945, people were becoming more of a community and people helped one another, the idea of Capitalism and not caring about anyone dwindled as Socialism became more and more accepted.
The Essay on How does priestley present the inspector in the play
... all of the Inspector’s views were merely Priestley’s in the form of a play and that Priestley desperately wanted ... herself that she was prepared to take full responsibility for her actions; something the other characters ... chance for them to regain themselves by treating people of all class’ with respect and kindness. ... had crashed etc. Some of society in that time was so optimistic of the future that ...
‘We do not live alone. We are members of one body. We are responsible for each over.’ The inspector says this during his final speech and it really shows the contrast between Capitalism and Socialism. The idea of ‘We are responsible for each over.’ is a very Socialist term, as Socialism is all about community and this the polar opposite of Capitalism. Also, he used ‘John Smith’ and ‘Eva Smith’ in his final speech, and says we are all responsible for them. The use of the ‘Smith’ last name is a very clever one, Smith was the most common name at the time, and it suggests that; it does not matter who the person is, if you have to take responsibility regardless.
Priestley also uses generations and age, and suggests that the younger generations are more prone to taking responsibility for their actions then the older generation; this maybe due to the time or the way they’were raised. Sheila and Eric are the ones that accept responsibility for their actions outright. Gerald, as someone between the old and young generation(eh.. current generation?), takes responsibility at first. After finding out the inspector is not real, quickly turns to the denial of his actions, similar to Mr & Mrs Birling. In response to everyone’s denial, Sheila states “Everything we said had happened had really happened. If it didn’t end tragically, then that’s lucky for us.”. This suggests that Sheila knows everything was wrong, but we should still take some responsibility, as it was only lucky that they got off without consequence. This only add dramatic irony when an actual inspector comes at the end of the play.
‘One Eva Smith has gone – but there are millions and millions and millions of Eva Smiths and John Smiths still left with us, with their lives, their hopes and fears, their suffering and chance of happiness, all intertwined with our lives, and what we think and say and do.’ This is said by the inspector during his final speech to signify the idea of a ‘collective responsibility’ and how it effects us all. Priestley uses common names such as ‘John’ and ‘Smith’ to empathise that out responsibility applies to everyone regardless of ages, class, status or anything else. What matters is that everyone is is human and we have a right as humans to be treated with equal kindness and respect, and for those who do not provide that kindness and respect to be held responsibility. This is important with the dates on the play, the setting of 1912, where nobody cared much for their locals. This contrasts very well with the written time of 1945, where the country was moving more towards a welfare-state and rampant socialism that Priestly fully supported.
The Essay on Generation Of Action Potentials
PREDICTIONS 1. Exceeding the threshold depolarization at the trigger zone DECREASES the likelihood of generation of action potential. 2. Action potential amplitude: DOES NOT CHANGE with distance 3. Increasing frequency of stimulation to the trigger zone: DOES NOT increase the production of action potentials. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experiment 1: Effect of Stimulus Strength on Action Potential ...
In conclusion, this play proves we must have responsibility for all our actions, both good and bad. Priestley has shown us that without doing this, further bad actions will come from that original bad action. In this case, continuing bad actions in a chain is a very bad thing. The act of not helping the people around us may be our downfall and Priestly teaches us we need to show more compassion, friendliness and overall responsibility in order to become better people ourself and people who do not follow this example will have even worse things happen to themselves.
