If anyone had hoped that the assassination of Julius Caesar would bring about the return of Republican rule, they must surely have been disappointed, for the political turbulence simply continued. Caesars assassins and his old commanders battled for control, while orators like Cicero labored to save the old Republic. In the and, Julius Caesars great nephew and adopted son Octavian known to history as Augustus Caesar outmaneuvered and outfought everyone. The year after his uncles death, Octavian and his allies of the Caesarean faction joined forces in an alliance called the second Triumvirate. By means of intriguer and threat, they coerced the senate into granting them and their legions the power to rectory peace to the Roman state.
In the battle of Philippi, in northern Greece in 42 b. c. , Octavian and his allies defeated the conspirators who had assassinated Julius Caesar. However, peace was not at hand. Octavian split with his former allies, especially with Mark Antony, who was now Cleopatra’s lover. In a climactic naval battle at Actium in 31 b.
c. , Octavian defeated Mark Antony. Antony death and Octavian victory effectively ended the Roman Civil war. In the thirty seventh poems in his first book of Odes, the poet Horace wrote in response: Nunc est bibendum nuncpede libero puls anda tellus! Octavian took power, and Horace hailed him as Caesar, which, for the first time, becomes a horrific title.
Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian us held both military command and tribunician power he was both chief priest. He was also politically astute enough to adorn reality with palatable outward forms, replacing democracy with autocracy in a way that did not antagonize the public. He called on the services of culture, religion, literature, architecture, and the visual art to help create a new picture of the world, with the result that there was a politically inspired aesthetic revolution, which led to the legalization of absolute power. In 27 b. c. , Octavian formally divested himself of all authority.
The Essay on Caesar Augustus 2
Caesar Augustus, the first Roman Emperor, was born Gaius Octavius at Rome on September 23rd. The nephew of Julius Caesar, Augustus was adopted in Juliuss will and Became his sole heir after Juliuss assassination. Arriving at Rome, Augustus found Julius Caesars power divided between Marc Antony and Lepidus, Antony, Lepidus and Octavian formed the second triumverit in order to maintain peace, but it ...
In response, the Senate and the people promptly gave it back to him, voting him the title Augustus. Although he was never officially emperor of Rome at all, within four years he had assumed complete power including the right of veto over any law. The Republic was formally dead. During the forty-five years that Augustus ruled, the Senate and popular assemblies continued to meet. However, the election of consuls, proconsuls, tribunes, and other officials required his blessing, the Senate was filled with Augustus finds, and the popular assemblies seem to have lost all political function.
As commander of the armies, he rule all the vast territories of an empire that reached to the Rivers Rhine and Danube in what is now Germany. He commanded in the name of his uncle, Julius Caesar, and on the basis of his own military victories, claiming that he brought peace and order after a century of civil wars. He rebuilt temples to the Olympian gods, the divine Julius Caesar, and to Rome and Augustus. He built roads, bridges, and aqueducts, established a sound currency, nurtured honest government, and maintained peace, which lasted nearly two hundred years.
