Weisner, Merry E. Discovering the Western Past: A Look at the Evidence – Volume I: To 1789. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2004. Pp.
379 In a period of a growing but stale state of human history, surrounded by tyrant rulers and complacent citizens, Plato of the Hellenic age was one of the forerunners of philosophical reason. Following the footsteps of his mentor Socrates who was forced to drink poison for his ideas of philosophy, Plato would further his master’s study to create a prevalent system of philosophy that would embrace rulers and citizens alike and bring them one more step on the road of humanism. Birthed from the effort of liberating Athenians from the tyrannous rule of demagogues, Plato explains how things ought to be, how they should be deciphered and how they should be dealt with according to astute ruling. In the dialogue of The Republic, Plato devises an ideal state based on moral, ethical, physical, and practical standards that would create a very comprehensive philosophical system of rational thought and action. One ideal Plato presents is that a “good and noble guardian of the state” will be united in philosophy, spirit, swiftness, and strength. Here Plato introduces the idea that a noble ruler must rule with more than an iron fist; that he had to be “a lover of wisdom and knowledge” (Weisner 68).
This suggests that a ruler must not rule as a god, but as a person in touch with his pure thought and solid judgment of governing his state in “doing what is for the good of their country, and the greatest repugnance to do what is against her interests” (Weisner 69).
The Term Paper on A Comparative Essay on Plato’s and Aristotle’s Philosophies on Beauty, Tragedy and Art
The existence of philosophies in life is important and valuable because they are to guide and determine the beliefs of a person. These beliefs are what dictates a person to act as such or to say such things. For all of the Classical and complicated philosophies present in the world and founded by great thinkers and philosophers, having a philosophy is as simple as having a belief and that belief ...
Delineating a good guardian not only defined that of a leader, but of a good person, a just citizen, and an honorable husbandman. This also introduced an almost unheard of concept: accountability. The power of the ruler lay in the hands of his people, not as extensively in the hands of the people as it is now in our own culture, but unambiguously en route in that direction. Having to be “watched at every age, in order that we may see whether they preserve their resolution” (Weisner 69).
The manifestation of education is also an ideal brought up in Plato’s dialogue.
Plato realizes that education is the force at which good leaders are made great guardians of the state. As Plato states, “our story shall be the education of our heroes” (Weisner 68) and not the tales of outlandish stories about heroes executing impossible feats. This alludes to the thought that “the love of learning and the love of wisdom” not only represented philosophy, but also power; to rule and to govern. Trickling down the line of inferiority, Plato touches on the education of women and children as well. Along with the education of men, came the education of women, this idea that women adhere to the same responsibilities (but not necessarily the same freedoms) as men, all to say that “if women are to have the same duties as men, they must have the same nurture and education” (Weisner 70).
And although women were still considered inferior to men, “men and women alike possess the qualities which make a guardian; and they differ only in their comparative strength and weaknesses” (Weisner 71).
Interestingly this idea ties in with the idea of a good guardian, in this respect women are almost regarded as a half of a man and that if a man has a common women or child or in other words and uneducated family, that that would be a much greater obstacle to overcome than the other of having an educated wife and child (Weisner 71).
The Essay on In the Country of Men Woman
-Automatic sense of powerlessness initiated by the cultural environment of Libya’s patriarchal society in which woman are severely oppressed. Matars setting in a figurative landscape of Libya in which males obtain an overriding dominance assists in creating a world in which powerless woman is a norm. From the outset of the novel, women are portrayed as weak and incompetence demonstrated by ...
Much like the way guardianship and education tie together, the idea of the family brings the whole thing in full circle concerning the hierarchy of a family and how its run. Plato’s first point on the family is that even though women share in the duties of man, and maybe even the intellectual heights of man women are always “inferior to men” (Weisner 71).
Plato draws many parallels to family from the ideas of the state and guardianship. For instance, “Both the community of property and the community of families, as I am saying, tend to make them more truly guardians; they will not tear the city in pieces by differing about ‘mine’ and ‘not mine;’ each man dragging any acquisition which he has made into a separate house of his own, where he has a separate wife and children and private pleasures and pains; but all will be affected as far as may be by the same pleasures and pains because they are all of one opinion about what is near and dear to them, and therefore they all tend toward a common end.” (Weisner 71) The Purpose of Plato’s Republic was to warn the people of Athens that without the respect for these things (guardianship, education, family) their city would slowly fall to the toil of tyranny. Plato also attempted to rescue Athens by trying to recreate the community spirit – giving strength back to the community and taking so much of the power back from the rulers of the day, and revitalizing the city-state that had vitalized the polis, recreating it not on the premises of merely a tradition, but on a much higher level of thought and philosophy..
