The 5 year plans were successful in transforming Russian industry in the years up to 1941. The 5 year plans were first introduced in 1928 as an attempt by Stalin to massively improve heavy industry and prepare the Soviet Industry for war. These were successful to an extent in terms of transforming Russian industry and they also had numerous social and political effects. Firstly, due to the focus of the five year plans being on heavy industry, they were largely successful in transforming it. The output of coal increases from 35 to 75 million tons and iron increased from to 19 million. This shows that the 5 year plans had a big effect on the heavy industry and in order to do this they must have transformed it in some way. One of these ways was that massive industrial centers were built in previously isolated areas such as Magnitogorsk and Dnieper. Many of the programs that were not necessary for the growth of heavy industry were shut down in order to make Stalin’s demands of the 350% increase in output possible.
The second 5 year plan also was successful in massively transforming heavy industry and saw Russia rise to just below Germany in terms of the most steel-producing countries in the world. One of the ways in which this was done was the fact that targets were set for factory owners and there were severe consequences for not achieving these targets. Although it led to some corruption, overall it had a positive effect due to the fact that it encouraged the workers to work harder and thus increase output. The third 5 year plan, although only lasting 3 years due to the German invasion in 1941 was also reported to have helped achieve a 12-13% increase in annual industrial growth over the 1930s. Furthermore, the 5 year plans brought into place things such as modern, more effective equipment into Russian industry as well as an emphasis on trained workers rather than anyone. This new modernized system was more effective in increasing output and to a large extent transformed Russian industry. Particularly the second 5 year plan which involved a lot more consolidation of the massive increase in output seen in the first 5 year plan was successful in doing this.
The Business plan on 3-Year Marketing Plan 2
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The new machinery and trained workers juxtaposed with the comparatively relaxed expectations of Stalin meant that factories began to focus on their output and made it to a higher quality rather than just trying to achieve a set quantity like in the first 5 year plan. This is a big transformation of Russian industry from the time of NEP before these plans which saw a much slower increase and growth of Russian industry. Furthermore, the NEP did not include anything like the training of peasant workers to make them more suitable for work in factories. This sort of training increased the industrial workforce from 3.12 million in 1928 to 6.01 million by the end of the first 5 year plan in 1932. Moreover, the 5 year plans also were successful in transforming Russian industry because they centralized Russian industry whereas with NEP there were privately owned companies and the industry was split. This collectivization of the industry was a big change for Russia and as shown by the statistics, massively increased the output of things such as steel and iron.
Due to the fact that Russia was more adequately equipped when it came to war it means that the rapid industrialization and transformation of the industry had been successful. This is shown by the 17 tank factories that were built and the increase in the production of airplanes. This would not have been possible with NEP and therefore means that the 5 year plans were successful in transforming the industry. On the other hand, there are also several factors which go against the idea of the 5 year plans being successful in the transformation of Russian industry in the years up to 1941. Although the output of things such as iron had been enormously increases in the first two 5 year plans, the quality remained poor due to the fact that factory owners were only tested on the quantity of product rather than the standard to which it was made. This not only caused the output to be of a poor quality but also for there to be corruption and bribery within the Russian industry due to the brutal punishments that were inflicted if you did not meet your targets.
The Term Paper on Five Year Plan Stalin One Lewis
... 1932, the First Five Year Plan was declared officially completed ahead of schedule. Total industrial output increased two hundred and fifty ... The Making of a Revolutionary III. The Five Year Plans in Industry. Progress and Benefits to Russia. Downfalls for the ... large, state-controlled enterprises. It was suppose to help Russian agriculture and support the quickly industrializing country (McKay 928; ...
As many of the targets were unachievable, factory owners had to bribe their way out of getting a punishment and this caused a lot of problems because the theoretical output was less than the actual output. This shows that although there was some transformation, it was largely unsuccessful and did not achieve what the targets set out, particularly in the first 5 year plan. Moreover, even from the large amounts of products that were produced, a lot were not actually used and were instead left to decay. Furthermore, settlements such as Magnitogorsk were focused on and used as propaganda to show to the West. This portrayed a Russia which had successfully used the 5 year plans to create a much better and larger industry. However, the reality was different as many workers were living in appalling conditions and a lot of the steelworks were due to slaves who were gulag convicts. Another example of this propaganda is Alexei Stakhanov who claimed to have cut over 100 tons of coal in one shift which was 14x more than required.
This portrayed the idea that a completely new, transformed Russian industry existed although the reality which was poor quality output and awful living conditions was different. This was similar to the more right wing policy of NEP which existed before these 5 year plans. Another way in which the 5 year plans were unsuccessful in transforming Russian industry was because of the fact that they focused solely on heavy industry and somewhat neglected other areas such as consumer goods and agriculture. Although the output of coal and iron grew massively, this was at the expense of agriculture which caused the great famine in 1932-33. Consumer goods were also minimal during the 5 year plans and barely saw an increase until the late 1930s. Ostensibly, the 5 year plans were successful to a large extent in transforming Russian industry, although some areas were focused on a lot more than others. Even though the changes made in the industry may not have been entirely positive, the output of heavy industry in particular was substantial and this was a direct cause of a transformation of Russian industry.
The Business plan on Winnebago Industries: SWOT Analysis
Winnebago Industries, located in Forest City, Iowa has recently experienced what could be considered its most challenging decade since founded in 1958, by business man John Hanson. Synonymous with the term motor home, Winnebago has made traveling with the comforts of home popular with the American adventurer for over half a century. Steady growth into the 21st century has allowed Winnebago to gain ...
Salman Chatta
