CITING RESOURCES FOR WRITING ASSIGNMENTS IN DR. STANSBURY’S CLASSES There are 3 basic types or formats of reference citation: 1. in-text or parenthetic referencing together with an alphabetic or “Works Cited” list at the end of your paper. This usually involves giving the author’s name and the page # in parenthesis at the appropriate point IN your essay; then one could go to the alphabetized list at the end for a full citation of that source — -with COMPLETE information.
See posted sample paper for examples. 2. endnote referencing — -here one simply puts a number (preferably in small superscript) at the appropriate place in your paper. Then that number will take you to a corresponding numbered citation at the end of the essay. The numbered citation at the end of the essay will then have COMPLETE information (including page numbers) when it is the first citation to that work — -or it may be “ibid.” or a shortened reference when you have referred to that work earlier in your paper (do not repeat numbers — -each citation should have a new superscript number).
See posted sample paper for examples. 3. footnote referencing — -here the process is just like #2 above, but the citations are at the bottom of the appropriate page rather than at the end of the essay. There are also three major style systems for making citations: a) MLA style (Modern Language Association) b) Chicago style (or Turabian) c) APA style (American Psychological Association) EACH OF THE THREE MAJOR STYLES ALLOWS FOR ANY OF THE THREE TYPES OR FORMATS OF CITATION (AT THE TOP).
The Research paper on APA Style Format
Summary: APA (American Psychological Association) is most commonly used to cite sources within the social sciences. This resource, revised according to the 6th edition, second printing of the APA manual, offers examples for the general format of APA research papers, in-text citations, endnotes/footnotes, and the reference page. For more information, please consult the Publication Manual of the ...
However, MLA and APA tend to prefer in-text or parenthetic referencing. Chicago (Turabian) tends to prefer endnote or footnote referencing.
Historians tend to like the Chicago style; English instructors tend to like MLA. You will find instructors with different preferences as to reference type and style. Feel free to keep it simple and model your system after that on one of the sample papers I have posted. If you are reading this, you know I give you the flexibility of choosing any of the three STYLES and any of the three TYPES OF REFERENCING. I personally like an endnote system in the Chicago (Turabian) style or MLA, but I have no problem with other styles and you may have your own preference.
I do ask that you be as consistent as possible in the style and system you use. I also ask this: in your parenthetic note or endnote / footnote , please be as precise as possible in any citation-INCLUDE A PAGE NUMBER OR PAGE NUMBERS, OR PASSAGE REFERENCE WHENEVER POSSIBLE. See posted sample papers for examples. (continued on next page).
