Collecting evidence in a major or volume crime is an all-time practice, in order to get information about how the crime has happened. Volume crime is any crime which through its sheer volume has a significant impact on the community and the ability of the local police to tackle it. Volume crime often includes burglary, street robbery, and vehicle-related criminality but can also apply to criminal damage or assault.
major crime is any crime of criminal offence against the state and often includes murder, manslaughter, crimes in action offences of kidnap and extortion; homicide (the wilful killing of human being by another), rape, aggravated assault, robbery and etc. All these incidents may solved with variety of trace and contact materials may to be found at a crime crime scene Investigation">scene investigation such as blood and body fluids, fingerprints, footwear marks, all of which could provide intelligence information, to named suspects.
Additional, evidential material in the form of paint, hairs, fibres, tool-marks and glass can also afford corroborative evidence to link suspect with crime scene or eliminate the person from a police enquiries. The selection of some evaluation evidence depends on numbers of factors. The nature of the possible offense; the investigation will be dependent on whether the offence is a volume or major crime. One of the most common of single evidence type which provide evidential value to volume and major crime investigation is DNA.
The Essay on The nature of crime
The nature of crime embodies the offences made against the state representing society and the population. Within this concept is the operation of principles going to the rights of the victim and the accused in the criminal law process. This process encompasses the commission and elements of the crime going to the actus reus (action of the accused), mens rea (intention of the accused) and causal ...
(Sutton and Trueman, 2009) DNA is one of the most important forms of individual evidence. DNA can be extracted from blood or other body fluids, semen, hair, and saliva and maybe used to identifying unknown individuals or in establishing a connection between objects or people. To identify an individual through DNA analysis, forensic scientist target 13 DNA regions that are different from one person to another and use the data to create a reflection of this individual’s genome also called DNA profile. This profile can be compared to others’ DNA sample which remains stored in computer databases such as CODIS.
Last year, CODIS made a record 379 “hits” typically matching DNA profiles found at new crimes scenes with DNA profiles taken previously from criminals when they were convicted of volume and major crimes such as burglary, homicides, rapes, robberies, assaults and sex kidnapping offenses (John Branton, 2011).
The method of DNA profiling used today is based on PCR and uses of short tandem repeats (STR).
Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) are sections of DNA on a chromosome that don’t have a role. STRs are repeated sections of DNA and their size can be measured.
Look at several different STR sites and measured the size of the DNA at each site. DNA profile is the combination of these measurements. In forensic science the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method is the most commonly used method for quantification of DNA. PCR analysis can help to make a DNA profile in crime that is unsolved in past decades (Decorte, 1997) and can also used for screening mutation from human genetic errors in DNA (Brown, 2007).
PCR technology in forensic science was a revolution in DNA analysis of biological samples.
It solves the problem of bad forensic samples which DNA was degraded or insufficient and it could not be used for quantitative analysis. Samples such as bones, or stamps and cigarette butts, can be used for DNA analysis and help solving a crime. Sometimes when there is very small amount of the DNA fragment a bad design in PCR parameters can lead to a wrong result. For this reason forensic scientists are studying trying to find the most ideal parameters in order to have the best result for every different case (Alonso et al, 2004).
The Essay on The Cause Of Crime Lies Within The Individual
It can be argued that the genetic differences in ethnic minorities can lead to an individual becoming more likely to offend. This is evident in the work of Lombroso; he found that the majority of criminals had similar characteristics, for example, they had large jaws and were big boned. This therefore supports the view that the cause of crime lies within the individual as their big build made it ...
In the below applies this to a basic case of murder and rape(major crime).
The first database of profiles generated by PCR based profiling methods. The National DNA database is an intelligence tool which affords great potential in the investigation of Volume Crime. The size of the National DNA database is increasing and as is the awareness of the power of DNA profiling within the police. All above show us that DNA evidence has become an increasingly powerful tool for solving crimes.
DNA evidence can be used to identify victims, perpetrators, witnesses and possible suspects but is not useful to determine when a suspect handled an item of evidence such as gun or other weapon used in assault or was present at scene. (Sutton, Trueman 2009).
DNA helps to improve the investigation in major crimes Collecting evidence in a major or volume crime is an all-time practice, in order to get information about how the crime has happened. Volume crime is any crime which through its sheer volume has a significant impact on the community and the ability of the local police to tackle it. Volume crime
often includes burglary, street robbery, and vehicle-related criminality but can also apply to criminal damage or assault. Major crime is any crime of criminal offence against the state and often includes murder, manslaughter, crimes in action offences of kidnap and extortion; homicide (the wilful killing of human being by another), rape, aggravated assault, robbery and etc. All these incidents may solved with variety of trace and contact materials may to be found at a crime scene investigation such as blood and body fluids, fingerprints, footwear marks, all of which could provide intelligence information, to named suspects.
Additional, evidential material in the form of paint, hairs, fibres, tool-marks and glass can also afford corroborative evidence to link suspect with crime scene or eliminate the person from a police enquiries. The selection of some evaluation evidence depends on numbers of factors. The nature of the possible offense; the investigation will be dependent on whether the offence is a volume or major crime. One of the most common of single evidence type which provide evidential value to volume and major crime investigation is DNA.
The Term Paper on Community Crime Profile Survey
Community Profile Questions The small community of Hasbrouck Heights, NJ is the one square mile home to a comparatively tiny population of approximately 7, 600 people, including myself. I live on a residential street of this small suburban town where a great threat of danger and harm has never really been associated with its name. The crime rate on the city-data. com crime index is a minute 35. 6 ...
(Sutton and Trueman, 2009) DNA is one of the most important forms of individual evidence. DNA can be extracted from blood or other body fluids, semen, hair, and saliva and maybe used to identifying unknown individuals or in establishing a connection between objects or people. To identify an individual through DNA analysis, forensic scientist target 13 DNA regions that are different from one person to another and use the data to create a reflection of this individual’s genome also called DNA profile. This profile can be compared to others’ DNA sample which remains stored in computer databases such as CODIS.
Last year, CODIS made a record 379 “hits” typically matching DNA profiles found at new crimes scenes with DNA profiles taken previously from criminals when they were convicted of volume and major crimes such as burglary, homicides, rapes, robberies, assaults and sex kidnapping offenses (John Branton, 2011).
The method of DNA profiling used today is based on PCR and uses of short tandem repeats (STR).
Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) are sections of DNA on a chromosome that don’t have a role. STRs are repeated sections of DNA and their size can be measured.
Look at several different STR sites and measured the size of the DNA at each site. DNA profile is the combination of these measurements. In forensic science the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method is the most commonly used method for quantification of DNA. PCR analysis can help to make a DNA profile in crime that is unsolved in past decades (Decorte, 1997) and can also used for screening mutation from human genetic errors in DNA (Brown, 2007).
PCR technology in forensic science was a revolution in DNA analysis of biological samples.
It solves the problem of bad forensic samples which DNA was degraded or insufficient and it could not be used for quantitative analysis. Samples such as bones, or stamps and cigarette butts, can be used for DNA analysis and help solving a crime. Sometimes when there is very small amount of the DNA fragment a bad design in PCR parameters can lead to a wrong result. For this reason forensic scientists are studying trying to find the most ideal parameters in order to have the best result for every different case (Alonso et al, 2004).
The Essay on Dna And Crime One Kotler Genetic
DNA and Crime Deoxyribonucleic Acid - the fingerprint of life also know as DNA was first mapped out in the early 1950's by British biophysicist, Francis Harry Compton Crick and American biochemist James Dewey Watson. They determined the three-dimensional structure of DNA, the substance that passes on the genetic characteristics from one generation to the next. DNA is found in the chromosomes in ...
In the below applies this to a basic case of murder and rape(major crime).
[ena case pws na to grayw? Olokliri tin ipo8esi? Tha mporousate na mou grayete ena] The first database of profiles generated by PCR based profiling methods. The National DNA database is an intelligence tool which affords great potential in the investigation of Volume Crime. The size of the National DNA database is increasing and as is the awareness of the power of DNA profiling within the police.
(kati gia DNA database pou na sxetizete me to thema major and volume ) All above show us that DNA evidence has become an increasingly powerful tool for solving crimes. DNA evidence can be used to identify victims, perpetrators, witnesses and possible suspects but is not useful to determine when a suspect handled an item of evidence such as gun or other weapon used in assault or was present at scene. (Sutton, Trueman 2009).
DNA helps to improve the investigation in major crimes
