Understanding Six Sigma ? Definition ? World at Six Sigma examples ? Six Sigma Scale ? Why Six Sigma ? Six Sigma Methodologies & Tools ? Define ? Measure ? Analyze ? Improve ? Control WHAT’S IN A NAME? Sigma is the Greek letter representing the standard deviation of a population of data. ? Sigma is a measure of standard deviation (the data spread) ? ? ? SIX SIGMA IS … ? A statistical concept that measures a process in terms of defects – at the six sigma level, there 3. 4 defects per million opportunities ?
A defect is anything that results in customer dissatisfaction Six Sigma is a methodology and a symbol of quality ? HOW OFTEN ARE WE DELIVERING ON TIME? ? If the target time is 30 Mins, the graphs below show two curves with average at 25 Mins 30 mins 30 mins s s 0 10 x 30 2 sigma 20 40 50 0 10 20 x 30 4 sigma 40 50 ? ? How many standard deviations can you “fit” within customer expectations? Managing by the average doesn’t tell the whole story. The average and the variation together show what’s happening. MANAGING UP THE SIGMA SCALE Sigma 1 2 3 4 5 6 % Good % Bad 30. 9% 69. % 93. 3% DPMO 691,462 308,538 66,807 69. 1% 30. 9% 6. 7% 99. 38% 99. 977% 0. 62% 0. 023% 6,210 233 3. 4 99. 9997% 0. 00034% EXAMPLES OF THE SIGMA SCALE In a world at 3 sigma. . . ? In a world at 6 sigma. . . ? There are 964 U. S. flight cancellations per day. The police make 7 false arrests every 4 minutes. 1 U. S. flight is cancelled every 3 weeks. There are fewer than 4 false arrests per month. ? ? ? In one hour, 47,283 international long distance calls are accidentally disconnected. ? It would take more than 2 years to see the same number of dropped international calls.
The Essay on In The Modern Business World A Lot Of Contracts Are
In the modern business world a lot of contracts are concluded every day Imagine that you are a businessman, the head of American city. And you decided to conclude a contract with Danish company for the procurement of the goods and the associated services for the replacement of water-pipes in your city. Imagine that tomorrow there will be the negotiations under the new joint project. Both parties ...
WHY SIX SIGMA? • At GE, Six Sigma added more than $ 2 billion to the bottom line in 1999 alone • Motorola saved more than $ 15 billion in the first 10 years of its Six Sigma effort AlliedSignal reports saving $ 1,5 billion through Six Sigma. • • Six Sigma is about practices that help you eliminate defects and always deliver products and services that meet customer specifications How are these savings realized? cost of scrap? cost of rework? cost of excessive cycle times and delays? Benefits of added capacity and man-hours
DMAIC – THE IMPROVEMENT METHODOLOGY Define Objective: DEFINE the opportunity Measure Analyze Improve Control Objective: Objective: Objective: MEASURE current ANALYZE the root IMPROVE the performance causes of problems process to eliminate root causes Key Measure Tools: • Critical to Quality Requirements (CTQs) • Sample Plan • Capability Analysis • Failure Modes and Effect Analysis (FMEA) Key Analyze Tools: • Histograms, Boxplots, MultiVari Charts, etc. • Hypothesis Tests • Regression Analysis Objective: CONTROL the process to sustain the gains.
Key Define Tools: • Cost of Poor Quality (COPQ) • Voice of the Stakeholder (VOS) • Project Charter • As-Is Process Map(s) • Primary Metric (Y) Key Improve Key Control Tools: Tools: • Solution Selection • Control Charts Matrix • Contingency • To-Be Process and/or Action Map(s) Plan(s) DEFINE – DMAIC PROJECT WHAT IS THE PROJECT? $ Project Charter Cost of Poor Quality Stakeholders Voice of the Stakeholde r Six Sigma What is the problem? The “problem” is the Output ? What is the cost of this problem ? Who are the stake holders / decision makers ?
Align resources and expectations ? DEFINE – CUSTOMER REQUIREMENTS WHAT ARE THE CTQS? WHAT MOTIVATES CUSTOMER? SECONDARY RESEARCH Market Data THE Voice of the Customer Key Customer Issue Critical to Quality Listening Posts Industry Intel Industry Benchmarking Customer Service Customer Correspondence PRIMARY RESEARCH Survey s OTM Observations Focus Groups MEASURE – BASELINES AND CAPABILITY WHAT IS OUR CURRENT LEVEL Sample some data / not all data Current Process actuals measured against the Customer expectation OF PERFORMANCE?
The Essay on Key Economic Tools
What economic tools does the government use to manage the economy and carry out economic functions? Outline how the government carries out these functions and discuss some of the constraints the government faces in performing these functions." The government performs many different tasks and functions in the economy and management of the economy. The government has a variety of tools, which are ...
