In its most common and general usage, the term ‘‘socialization’’ refers to the process of interaction through which an individual (a novice) acquires the norms, values, beliefs, attitudes, and language characteristic of his or her group. In the course of acquiring these cultural elements, the individual self and personality are created and shaped. For much of its history, the concept of socialization has been heavily imbued with the notion of adaptation and conformity of the individual to societal expectations. The past few decades, however, have seen a marked shift to a more active view of the self, with an emphasis on self-socialization.
Renewed interest in the self-concept as a source of motivation (Gecas 1986) and an agent in its environment has contributed to this shift, as has the increased interest in adult socialization (Levenson & Crumpler 1996).
Even in studies of parent-child interaction, the child (even the infant) is increasingly viewed as an active partner in his or her socialization (Rheingold 1969).
In short, the outcomes of socialization (whether conceptualized as values, self-conceptions, behavior patterns, or beliefs) are increasingly viewed as the products of reciprocal and negotiated interactions between agent and socializee.
Within sociology, there have been two main orientations toward socialization. One views socialization primarily as the learning of social roles. From this perspective, individuals become integrated members of society by learning and internalizing the relevant roles and statuses of the groups to which they belong (Brim 1966).
The Essay on Liberalism Interfere In Individual Interactions
Liberalism stressed individual freedom, equality under law, and freedom of thought and religion. Both the Declaration of the Rights of man and the American Bill of Rights stressed these ideals. Liberals were mainly members of the rising middle class. They were bankers, merchants, lawyers, journalists, university students, and intellectuals. They wanted written constitutions, parliamentary ...
This view has been present in some form from the beginnings of sociology as a discipline but has been most closely associated with structural functionalist perspectives.
The other, more prevalent sociological orientation views socialization mainly as self-concept formation. The development of self and identity in the context of intimate and reciprocal relations is considered the core of socialization. This view is closely associated with the symbolic interactionist perspective, a synthesis of various strands of pragmatism, behaviorism, and idealism that emerged in the 1920s and 1930s in the writings of a number of scholars at the University of Chicago, especially Mead (1934).
In Mead’s writings, the self is a reflexive, thoroughly social phenomenon that develops through language or symbolic interaction. Children’s proper socialization depends on mother contribution. There is none who contributes the same as the mother. It is now very common sight that women are working outside the home. So the children are being socialized by a difficult process. The educated working mother can take extra care as they are more aware than the non educated mother.
On the other hand the non educated working mother is not so aware about their child socialization in most of the cases. In the rural areas of Bangladesh the gap of child socialization between educated and non educated working mother is increasing significantly. This study is conducted in rural area base in order to find out the basic difference of child socialization process between educated and non educated working mother and encouraging every mother in proper child socialization process by the study.
