5 Innovations: emotion, detail, perspective, (depth), and shadowing (secular/classical)
School of Athens: type of painting: fresco, by Raphael Santi 1509-10 (High Ren.) secular; theme- scholastic: important characters: perspective: classical:
Praise of Folly: Disiderius Erasmus of Holland, known as the “Christian Humanist”, wrote a book that poked fun at merchants and priests. Erasmus stands as the supreme type of cultivated common sense applied to human affairs. He rescued theology from the pedantries of the Schoolmen, exposed the abuses of the Church, and did more than any other single person to advance the Revival of Lerning.
Thomas More: creates a model society in his book Utopia. He was a writer, scholar, statesman, diplomat, political theorist, and patron of the arts. He was the foremost English Humanist of his day. More’s Utopia is a “serious joke”, a work written in Latin for the delight of humanist circles but having a deeper significance as social critique.
The Courtier: (Baldassare Castiglione) patronized in the arts, business in money, skillful in weapons, proper manners, education is power and marketing, bank of church meant wealth, appearance
The Prince: (Niccolo Machiavelli) tied into religion, “better feared than loved”, know your people, be the leader, lay low to the public, honor the proficient in every art, be patient, beatify city
Medici & Brunellesci: a cultural revolution began in Italy in the early 1300s and lasted for the next 300 years. At its heart was one family, a dynasty with wealth, power and a passion for culture. Between 1300 and 1600 the Western world was transformed. An extraordinary wave of artistic and cultural innovation shattered medieval society and brought European culture reluctantly into the modern era. This was the Renaissance. Few men have left a legacy as monumental as Filippo Brunelleschi. He was the first modern engineer and a problem-solver with unorthodox methods. He solved one of the greatest architectural puzzles and invented his way to success. Only now is he receiving deserved recognition as the greatest architect and engineer of the Renaisssance.
The Essay on Art Of High Renaissance
... 1330s in the writing of Francesco Petrarca, an early Renaissance humanist who lived in Florence and became the father of humanism ... most famous painters of this time who epitomized the Renaissance humanist ideal. He was taught by Andrea del Verrocchio who was ... the classical forms developed by the ancient Greek and Latin. Art in the Renaissance, unlike the Middle Ages, showed emotions, feelings, ...
Diff. Italian Humanism vs. Northern Humanism: Italian -emphasizes human achievement through art, painting, and architecture. Northern -interested in social reform based in Judeo- Christian values.
Describe change that took place during Renaissance (lifestyles): The term, Renaissance, comes from the Latin word ‘rinascere’ that means to be reborn. The Renaissance was a great cultural movement; a period of renewal, revival, and growth. The Renaissance began in Italy during the early 1300’s. By 1600 the cultural revival had spread to France, England, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain and other European countries.
Many Renaissance scholars and artists studied the art and learning from ancient Greece and Rome, attempting to recapture the spirit of those cultures in their philosophies and their works of art and literature. Renaissance leaders began to reject many of the attitudes and ideas of the Middle Ages. For instance during those earlier times, the most important cultural institution was the Church and the important learning was theology, the study of God. Medieval thinking held that the world was filled with evil temptations. Renaissance thinkers began to emphasize people’s responsibilities and duties to their society, a society that could civilize people rather than make them wicked.
The Essay on Renaissance Art 2
When the new upper class movement, Renaissance, occurred in Italy around the 14th century, a revival of the classical forms originally developed by the ancient Greeks and Romans, an intensified concern with secular life, and interest in humanism and assertion of the importance of the individual began. Thus, artists such as Mosaccio and Giotto depicted art that unlike the Middle Ages, showed ...
The changes in thinking during Renaissance happened gradually. New ideas in art, astronomy, science, literature, mathematics, philosophy, religion, and politics were developed and advanced by a few individuals. But the influence of the Renaissance impacted and shaped the future, leading to a modern era.
Compare Middle Ages Art w/ Ren. Art & Italian vs. Northern: the middle age art was very religious, dull, unrealistic, and serious. Renaissance art had realistic paintings, perspective, shadowing, emotion, and secularity/classical themes.
Italian RenaissanceNorthern Renaissance
Subject matter:Classical mythology, religious scenes.Domestic interiors, portraits, religious scenes.
Style:Symmetrical, balanced, good sense of mass, linear perspective.Attention to surface detail, naturalism.
Known for:Figures with mass and volume, knowledge of underlying anatomy.Minute surface detail.
Media:Fresco, tempera, oil.Oil on panel.
Example:Michelangelo, Creation of Adam from the Sistine Chapel ceiling.Jan van Eyck, Arnolfini Wedding Portrait.
Middle AgesRenaissance
Major patrons:Church.Church and middle/upper classes.
Literature:Bible.Bible, Greek literature, Renaissance Humanists.
Geographic center(s):Paris, pilgrimage sites, monasteries.Florence.
Inspiration:Bible.Bible and classical antiquity.
Paint medium:Tempera.Oil.
