(1) Subject Clauses
That he has helped me is a fact.
Whether she will arrive in time is not certain.
How the thief stole in last night remains a mystery.
What we are doing today is something new and special.
It is not certain whether she will arrive in time.
(2) Complement Clauses (Predicative Clauses)
The fact is that he is really working hard every day.
This is what I am looking for.
This is who I met at the airport.
That is where we change from bus to train.
That was just when they came to visit us from the USA.
China is no longer what it used to be.
(3) Object Clauses
I know (that) China is our motherland.
People used to say (that) the early bird catches the worm.
He hasn’t asked why she can’t solve this problem quickly. Nobody can tell whether [if] the director will sign the document. She reminded me that I should make some comments at the meeting. The doctor suggested to him that he should give up smoking.
You must show them what you are carrying at the Customs.
(4) Attributive Clauses (Adjective Clauses)
You can get the novel that [which] is lying on the table.
Do you know the man who [that] is standing by the door?
This is the most useful book (*) I’ve ever read. (*that / which) All (*) you have mentioned is very reasonable. (* that)
He is a very famous professor (*) many people respect. (* whom / that) This is the boy whose mother is our teacher.
The Term Paper on Sentence Structure Dependent Clause
... as connectors at the beginning of an independent clause: coordinating conjunctions and independent marker words. 1. Coordinating ... before a subordinating conjunction if the dependent clause follows the independent clause. To see the difference between subordinating ... SentenceA compound sentence consists of two or more independent clauses (or simple sentences) joined by coordinating conjunctions like ...
That man wore an old jacket whose sleeves were worn-out.
Can you see the house whose door is wide open?
There are times when I miss my family very much.
Which is the department where you work?
He didn’t tell me the reason why he refused our offer.
(5) Adverbial Clauses( Adverb Clauses),
A. Time (時間) : when, whenever, as, while, before, after, since, until, till, now (that), once, as soon as… People greet the famous singer whenever he appears.
Every morning he jogs a mile or two before he goes to work.
Where have you been working since you left school?
Don’t leave the train until [till] you reach Central Terminus. Once I get home, I’ll be able to have a real rest.
B. Place (地點) : where, wherever
You can go where you like.
I’m ready to meet her where I first met her.
The police will find him wherever he may hide.
C. Cause or Reason (原因) : because, since, as, seeing that, now that, that… We didn’t buy the drier because it was too expensive.
Since [As] I’ve no time, I can’t go to your place today. We can’t expect you to come seeing (that) you’re so busy. I’m glad (that) you’ve won the prize. We are proud that our motherland is becoming stronger.
D. Purpose (目的) : that, so that, in order that, in case, for fear that… He worked very hard so that he would succeed in business.
They are planning everything carefully in order that they may buy a flat in the near future. We arrived early so (that) we wouldn’t miss anything.
Take down some notes in case you forget.
E. Result (結果) : that, so (that), such… that…
He got a good book, so (that) he learnt English quickly.
It rained so hard that we shut all the windows.
It is such an interesting film that I’ll never forget it.
F. Comparison and Degree (比較，程度) : as (so, such, as), than This book is not so [as] simple as you think.
That film was not such an interesting one as I imagined.
He is much older than he looks.
His task was more difficult than mine.
She speaks English more fluently than you.a
You are stronger than me [I]
G. Manner (方式) : as, as if, as though…
She is going to spend her holiday as she likes.
The Essay on Fenton Hope Work People
In today's society, a job is necessary. Many people get up every morning hating what they do, but as the working class people we have to learn to live with it. Not everything we do we will like. Fenton is a worker for Seaboard World Airlines. He's an everyday person that wakes up every morning to go to work. The difference between other people and Fenton is the fact he hates his job. I say he ...
You must perform your duties as the director tells you.
Our team will beat them as we did last autumn.
He acted as if [as though] nothing had happened.
H. Condition (條件): if, unless ( = if…not), so [as] long as, so far as, on condition (that)… If anyone calls, tell them to leave a message.
You will pass the exam if you study harder.
You will not pass the exam unless you study harder.
( = if you do not study harder.)
We’ll succeed so [as] long as we make greater efforts.
They’ll give you help on condition that you ask them.
They’re helpful so far as I know.
I. Concession (讓步) : (al) though, even if, even though, as, however, no matter (what…) Although it’s still raining, we’ll have to leave.
He made rapid progress even if [even though] he didn’t get a prize. No matter how [However] difficult the exercises are, we must finish them today. No matter what [Whatever] he says, I’ll not change my mind. (No matter) Whether they agree or not, we’ll continue our experiment.
Examples of Compound-Complex Sentences
1. You may suddenly need money for emergencies, so it is wise to learn to save some when you are young. 2. We have more and more people, therefore we need more and more food and other things which can help people in their lives. 3. There is not enough farmland and fresh water in Hong Kong, hence many people have worked hard to make sure that we always have food to eat and water to drink. 4. A visitor can spend weeks in Hong Kong without having the faintest idea of the lay-out of the city if he goes everywhere by car, bus or MTR, but a view from the Peak gives a map of Hong Kong, its lay-out and its beauty. 5. I do not often visit museums or exhibitions, but Beijing has long been the capital of an ancient civilization, so when I was there last autumn, I decided that I really ought to see its numerous collections of historic significance. 6. Though I made a mistake of seeing too many things in too short a time, I visited one museum and it gave me such a deep impression that I can never forget.
