Since our “creation”, man has always been interested in nature and her inner workings because she is what is all around us. Man’s curiosity has lead him to physics, “the study of all of nature”, because he is interested in what laws govern nature and how everything came to be as it is now. Scientists have been devising laws and formulas to explain the universe for centuries, but these laws all seem to be approximations that break down in certain situations. Now there is a new theory in the works, that could be a “Theory of Everything”, which is a complete unified theory of the fundamental laws of physics to which all other physical laws can be reduced. This amazing new theory is Superstrings. Newton devised three laws that governed the universe that he knew in 1687. We still study Newton’s Laws today in high school and college physics courses. With modern experimental devices we are able to see that these laws are only approximations that don’t always hold true. His laws gave conflicting descriptions of motion with Maxwell’s theory of electrodynamics. Einstein knew this while he was developing his celebrated theory of relativity, in 1915. His special and general theories explain what Newton’s laws cannot, because he gives a body an effective or relativistic mass that depends on it’s speed. Einstein’s theories stretched the very bounds and limitations of science and human reason, while predicting objects like black holes and things like time travel. Even this great theory doesn’t explain everything because it breaks down under tremendous gravity and very small distances, such as the Planck length (10 -33 cm).
The Essay on Explain Natural Law Theory
In this essay, I will discuss the theories behind Natural Law, as well as the qualities it is seen to possess. I will explain Aquinas’ concepts and theory on Natural Law, discussing eudaimonia and the doctrine of the double effect. Finally, I will reflect on some of the positive and negative aspects, in summarising Natural Law theory. It is important to highlight that Natural Laws differ from acts ...
Under these circumstances and many others one needs a theory like Superstrings, which postulates that all matter consists of tiny vibrating strings. The theory of relativity links space and time, which gives us a four-dimensional continuum called “spacetime” from the three dimensions of space and the one of time. With this radical change in the way space and time were viewed Einstein was able to correct Maxwell’s theories without changing them. Einstein did change the Newtonian notion of gravity, which acted instantaneously, to one that was regarded as a geometrical distortion or warping of spacetime. His idea of gravity used symmetry, which is “the preservation of the shape of an object even after we deform or rotate it.” The idea of using symmetry was very important because most work in physics now is based on certain symmetries, such as the Standard Model. Superstrings uses a different type of symmetry called supersymmetry. Supersymmetry is “an algebraic construction which is a generalization of the Lie-group symmetries already observed in particle physics.” Symmetry among objects with higher dimensions is said to be supersymmetric.
A piece of paper is a two dimensional object with length and width dimensions. We are three dimensional beings with length, width, and height dimensions. Supersymmetry applied to superstrings is the symmetry of a vibrating string in ten dimensions. Ten dimensions is not something you can conceptualize because you can’t actually see the other dimensions. We have the one time dimension, three spatial dimensions, and six other spatial dimensions that are wrapped up into a tiny ball the size of the Planck length. The extra dimensions are thought to exist because of the way physics is simplified when you bring them into the equations. The extra dimensions give you more “room” to work with which can simplify multiple equations into one. In electricity and magnetism, there are eight abstract equations called Maxwell’s field equations. These equations can be combined into one rather simple equation when you bring the forth dimension into the equations. To go a step further, “by formulating gravity in five dimensions one can obtain both gravity and electromagnetism from a single theory.” Superstrings tries to simplify all the forces of nature in this same way. Einstein came up with an amazing theory because he looked at the universe in a different way (four dimensions).
The Term Paper on String Theory Force Universe Energy
Human beings have an unquenchable thirst for knowledge and an urgent drive for understanding. The further we go on our quest for absolute truth and the deeper we plunge into the heart of the ultimate reality, the more profound our questions become. Could there be something more to this world of ours than that which meets the eye? Is there some elaborate design behind the infinite galaxies, stars, ...
The superstring theory also uses a revolutionary way of looking at space and time, with an extra six dimensions.
The four fundamental forces of nature include gravity, electromagnetism, the strong nuclear force and the weak force. Gravity and electromagnetism effect everything while the strong nuclear force is responsible for binding the protons and neutrons together in the nucleus. The weak force acts on all quarks and all leptons. We have many equations and theories that apply to all the different forces. The main theories of modern physics are the theory of relativity and quantum theory. Relativity is beautiful because of its simple geometric properties but only has limited applications. Quantum theory is ugly because of its messy and difficult calculation, but it can be applied to more things than any theory that we have. Quantum theory and relativity are “incompatible”, so superstrings will have to erase this inconsistency while combining the four forces . This theory would have the most significance when applied to the big bang. Superstring assumes that the original ten dimensional universe was unstable so it broke up into four and six dimensions. The four dimensional space expanded while the six dimensional space contracted until we have the present universe. At the right temperatures particles are thought to have popped out of the vacuum of space in the beginning of time.
The Term Paper on String Theory Dimensions Superstring Space
INTRODUCTION This document is for persons who have received their graduate degree in theoretical physics and are looking to make their way into the concentration of super string theory, and what postgraduate mathematics courses are required to do so. Supersting theory is one of the latest forms of theoretical physics and a popular topic with today's society. However, because of the highly advanced ...
We are able to create a few of the elementary particles that appear at temperatures much lower than the first moment of the big bang. Theories become indistinguishable with higher temperatures, finally reaching the grand unification energy where all the forces become one. String theory is this theory of everything. We can’t hope to reach this energy in our accelerators for probably thousands of years, so we will not be able to test the theory experimentally. Theoretically you can work through the solutions and eventually find the right one, unfortunately there are millions of different variations. There are hordes of young physicists working on this problem, but no one has come along that is smart enough to solve the equations and find the correct theory. Hopefully one day in the near future someone will solve the problem by luck or skill and we will have the unified theory. The correct theory would have untold applications for all of humanity. This theory is rich enough to explain all the fundamental laws of nature. When you start from this simple sounding theory of vibrating strings, you can extract the theory of Einstein, Kaluza-Klein theory, supergravity, the Standard Model, and even GUT theory.
GUT theory is a grand unified theory that brings together electromagnetism, the strong force, and the weak force. Superstring theory is truly spectacular, because from a simple geometric stand point of symmetry, one can rederive all physical concepts produced in the past two thousand years. Further Reading and References Capra, Fritjof. The Tao of Physics. Boston: Shambhala, 1991. Davies, P.C.W. and Brown, J. Superstrings. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. Einstein, Albert. Relativity. New York: Wings Books, 1961. Gribbin, John. In the Beginning. New York: Little, Brown and Company, 1993. Hawking, Stephen. A Brief History of Time. New York: Bantam, 1988. Kaku, Michio. Hyperspace. New York: Anchor, 1994. Kaufmann, W.J. Black Holes and Warped Space-Time. San Francisco: Freeman, 1979. Sagan, C. Cosmos. New York: Random House, 1980. Shu, Frank H. The Physical Universe: An Introduction to Astronomy. California: University Science Books, 1982. Weinburg, S. The First Three Minutes: A Modern View of the Origin of the Universe. New York: Basic Books, 1988.
The Essay on String Theory Nuclear Force
String theory is defined by Merriam-Webster as, "A physical theory in which one-dimensional loops travel through space and also merge and lyse as time elapses. This is in contrast to ordinary quantum field theory, which predicts point particles that emit and absorb each other. String theory is a candidate for a Theory of Everything." String theory would solve the long fight between Einstein's ...
