1. DEFINITIONS 2
Survival ? Survival is emerging from natural or manmade disaster in a better position than the average person. Preparedness ? Preparedness is making preparations before disaster or disasters strike to improve your chances of survival. Shelters are made to stay out of the wind, rain, and sun. Shelters are also used to live in and get plenty of rest. There are many types of shelters. The shelters are classified in to two categories, natural and man made. Natural shelters are shelters that you can find naturally made or not man made. There are many natural shelters. Here are some examples of natural shelters, caves, rocky overhangs, thickets, and many more. You can also find some other types of natural shelters. man made shelters are shelter that you make. You may be lucky and find an abandoned building or some type of shelter. There are many types of man made shelters like lean-to?s, igloos, brick shelters and many more. Here are some examples below that you can make. You can also create and make your very own shelter for your specific needs. Lean -To shelters are shelters that you lean branches or some item onto another. You just need branches or trees, leaves and ferns. Ferns will help waterproof the roof and any other areas that you want waterproofed. Mud brick shelters are sturdier but may take longer to build. You cut the turf in to the size of bricks you want. Then you can build the walls for the shelter. Next you need to build a roof (ferns would work well).
The Essay on Fferent Types Of Bridges
The quest for travel has always been one that man has tried to conquer. First, he traveled on foot, and then developed methods of transportation such as boats, but one of the first obstacles that he had to overcome was getting across rivers, waterways, and canals. Today, bridges have become a part of everyday life; hence without them, people would have a much more difficult time going from one ...
Igloos can be made if there is snow. You need a snow pile. First put a backpack or some object in snow at top. Then, dig out an entrance that is big enough for you to get in and out. Next, dig until you find backpack or object, then pull it out carefully. Finally, excavate or shape the inside. Here are some ideas of shelter that you may be able to build. To build a fire you need three types of materials. The three types of material are tinder, kindling and fuel. Completely rooted parts of dead logs Milkweed, dry cattails, bulrush Fine, dried vegetable fibers Lint from pocket and seams Pieces of wood removed from the inside of larger pieces Wood that has been doused with highly flammable materials such as gas, oil, or wax Dry, standing wood and dry, dead branches Dry inside (heart) of fallen tree trunks and large branches Green wood that is finely split Dry grasses twisted into bunches Peat dry enough to burn (this may be found at the top of undercut banks) Coal, oil shale, or oil lying on the surface Building a fire may take some time, but in the end it is worth it.
There are for main ways to build or lay a fire. They are Teepee, Lean ? To, Pyramid, and Cross ? Ditch. Teepee ? Arrange the tinder and a few sticks of kindling into the shape of a teepee or cone. Light the center and the outside logs will fall inward, feeding the fire. Lean-To -Push a stick into the ground at a 30 angle, with the end of the stick pointing into the wind. Put tinder far under the lean-to stick. Lean some kindling against the lean-to stick. As the kindling catches fire add more wood or fuel. Pyramid- Place two larger logs parallel on the ground. Place a solid layer of smaller logs across the two logs. Add 3 to 4 more layers, each layer smaller than the last. Make a small starter fire on top, as it burns it will light the logs below it. Cross-Ditch- Scratch a cross about 12 inches in size on the ground, and about 3 inches deep. Put a wad of tinder in the center, then build a kindling pyramid above it. The ditch is a draft for the fire. Lighting the fire can be easy if you have the right equipment, if you don?t have the equipment you will have to improvise. Light your fire from the upwind side. Make sure you have all the tinder, kindling, and fuel needed before you start.
The Essay on Fire Extinguishers
Fire extinguishers seem to be an interesting & useful topic to learn about. It may help us in the future for our own safety. I chose this topic mainly because of my own interest to learn about these valuable lessons in life. There are many aspects of fire extinguishers to be known about. I know there are people, who think dealing with the device can’t get easier, but there are many ...
Convex Lens – The lens can be from binoculars, cameras, telescopic sights, and magnifying glasses. Angle the lens to concentrate the sun’s rays one dot on the tinder. Hold the lens over the same dot until the tinder begins to smolder. Metal Match – Place the tip of the metal match on the tinder, hold the metal match in one hand and a knife in the other. Scrape the knife against the metal match to produce sparks. The sparks will hit the tinder and start to burn. Gunpowder – Carefully take the bullet from the shell casing, and use the gunpowder as tinder. A spark will ignite the powder but it may have very small explosion. Be very careful. Battery – Attach the wires to each terminal. Touch the ends of the bare wires together next to the tinder so the sparks will ignite it and start fire. Matches – Make sure the matches are waterproof, if not keep them dry. Store them in a waterproof container along with a few dependable striker pads. Flint and Steel – The flint and steel method is the most reliable method and probably the easiest. Strike a piece of flint or a sharp-edged rock edge with a piece of carbon steel (stainless steel will not produce a good spark).
This method requires practice. Fire-Plow – Rub a hardwood shaft against a softer wood. Cut a straight groove in the base and plow or slide the blunt tip of the shaft up and down the groove. The plowing or sliding action of the shaft pushes out small particles of wood fiber. Then, as you apply more pressure on each stroke, the friction ignites the wood particles and it will then burn. Bow and Drill – Place a bundle of tinder under the V-shaped cut in the fire board or softwood board. Place one foot on the board. Loop the bowstring over the drill and place the drill in the precut V depression on the fire board. Place the socket, held in one hand, on top of the drill to hold it in upright position. Press down on the drill and saw the bow back and forth to twirl and push the drill. Apply downward pressure, spinning it and work the bow faster. This action will grind hot black powder into the tinder, causing a spark to catch the tender then it will burn. Food is very important to survival. Meats are more nourishing than plants. Meat is usually easy to find. You can eat insects, crustaceans, mollusks, fish, and reptiles. Never eat mushrooms unless you?re sure there edible.
The Essay on Earth A Perfct Planet
What is required for a planet to be able to support life? This is a question that people have been trying to answer for many years. Earth is a very unique planet because it is the only one proven to support life. Living organisms need certain things in order to survive that are not found on any other planet. Some of these life supporting features include food, water, atmosphere, temperature, ...
Here are some plant that you can eat. 1. Test only one part of a potential food plant at a time. 2. Separate the plant into its basic components – leaves, stems, roots, buds, and flowers. 3. Smell the food for strong or acid odors. Remember, smell alone does not indicate a plant is edible or inedible. 4. Do not eat for 8 hours before starting the test. 5. During the 8 hours you abstain from eating, test for contact poisoning by placing a piece of the plant part you are testing on the inside of elbow or wrist. Usually 15 minutes is enough time to allow for a reaction. 6. During the test period, take nothing by mouth except purified water and the plant part you are testing. 7. Select a small portion of a single part and prepare it the way you plan to eat it. 8. Before placing the prepared plant part in your mouth, touch a small portion (a pinch) to the outer surface of your lip to test for burning or itching. 9. If after 3 minutes there is no reaction on your lip, place the plant part on your tongue, holding it there for 15 minutes. 10. If there is no reaction, thoroughly chew a pinch and hold it in your mouth for 15 minutes. DO NOT SWALLOW. 11. If no burning, itching, numbing, stinging, or other irritation occurs during the 15 minutes, swallow the food.
12. Wait 8 hours. If any ill effects occur during this period, induce vomiting and drink a lot of water. 13. If no ill effects occur, eat .25 cup of the same plant prepared the same way. Wait another 8 hours. If no ill effects occur, the plant part as prepared is safe for eating. WARNING Test all parts of the plant for edibility, as some plants have both edible and inedible parts. Do not assume that a part that proved edible when cooked is also edible when raw. Test the part raw to ensure edibility before eating raw. The same part or plant may produce varying reactions in different individuals. The human body is made of more than 70% water. It takes less than a 1% reduction in body water to make you thirsty. A 5% loss or reduction causes a slight fever. An 8% loss causes the glands to stop making saliva and the skin turns blue. A 10% loss or reduction and you can no longer walk, and a 12% loss will kill you. Here are some tools you may find useful. Not one list of survival equipment is all inclusive or will cover every situation. These lists are only intended to be guidelines to start you toward the right direction. Each list must be tailored to you, the individual and the environment you expect to find yourself in and when. Size and weight are also important factors to keep in mind when packing Gauze Squares, Sterilized, assorted sizes Plain Absorbent Gauze Pads, assorted sizes Water Purification Tablets Plastic Bags 1. DEFINITIONS 2
The Term Paper on Fire Attack: Offensive vs. Defensive
Structural firefighting can be very dangerous and can put the lives of firefighters in situations were their decision can end up being very detrimental. History has proven when the wrong choices were made, and lives and properties were lost. From past structural events the choice of choosing the wrong attack could end up being in the papers and going to funerals for firefighters. That’s why ...
Survival ? Survival is emerging from natural or manmade disaster in a better position than the average person. Preparedness ? Preparedness is making preparations before disaster or disasters strike to improve your chances of survival. Shelters are made to stay out of the wind, rain, and sun. Shelters are also used to live in and get plenty of rest. There are many types of shelters. The shelters are classified in to two categories, natural and man made. Natural shelters are shelters that you can find naturally made or not man made. There are many natural shelters. Here are some examples of natural shelters, caves, rocky overhangs, thickets, and many more. You can also find some other types of natural shelters. Man made shelters are shelter that you make. You may be lucky and find an abandoned building or some type of shelter. There are many types of man made shelters like lean-to?s, igloos, brick shelters and many more. Here are some examples below that you can make. You can also create and make your very own shelter for your specific needs. Lean -To shelters are shelters that you lean branches or some item onto another. You just need branches or trees, leaves and ferns. Ferns will help waterproof the roof and any other areas that you want waterproofed. Mud brick shelters are sturdier but may take longer to build. You cut the turf in to the size of bricks you want. Then you can build the walls for the shelter. Next you need to build a roof (ferns would work well).
The Term Paper on The History Of The Fire Service
Did you know that the earliest form of firefighting took place in Rome in 24 B.C? After almost being destroyed by unruly conflagrations, Rome created a fire department consisting of about 7,000 paid firefighters. Their fire crews responded to and fought fires, and also patrolled the streets with the authority to fine anyone who disobeyed the fire prevention codes (Hashgan). The major piece of ...
Igloos can be made if there is snow. You need a snow pile. First put a backpack or some object in snow at top. Then, dig out an entrance that is big enough for you to get in and out. Next, dig until you find backpack or object, then pull it out carefully. Finally, excavate or shape the inside. Here are some ideas of shelter that you may be able to build. To build a fire you need three types of materials. The three types of material are tinder, kindling and fuel. Completely rooted parts of dead logs Milkweed, dry cattails, bulrush Fine, dried vegetable fibers Lint from pocket and seams Pieces of wood removed from the inside of larger pieces Wood that has been doused with highly flammable materials such as gas, oil, or wax Dry, standing wood and dry, dead branches Dry inside (heart) of fallen tree trunks and large branches Green wood that is finely split Dry grasses twisted into bunches Peat dry enough to burn (this may be found at the top of undercut banks) Coal, oil shale, or oil lying on the surface Building a fire may take some time, but in the end it is worth it.
There are for main ways to build or lay a fire. They are Teepee, Lean ? To, Pyramid, and Cross ? Ditch. Teepee ? Arrange the tinder and a few sticks of kindling into the shape of a teepee or cone. Light the center and the outside logs will fall inward, feeding the fire. Lean-To -Push a stick into the ground at a 30 angle, with the end of the stick pointing into the wind. Put tinder far under the lean-to stick. Lean some kindling against the lean-to stick. As the kindling catches fire add more wood or fuel. Pyramid- Place two larger logs parallel on the ground. Place a solid layer of smaller logs across the two logs. Add 3 to 4 more layers, each layer smaller than the last. Make a small starter fire on top, as it burns it will light the logs below it. Cross-Ditch- Scratch a cross about 12 inches in size on the ground, and about 3 inches deep. Put a wad of tinder in the center, then build a kindling pyramid above it. The ditch is a draft for the fire. Lighting the fire can be easy if you have the right equipment, if you don?t have the equipment you will have to improvise. Light your fire from the upwind side. Make sure you have all the tinder, kindling, and fuel needed before you start.
The Essay on Introduction to Combustion and Fire
Since the historical times fire has been very vital and is utilized for cooking raw food, warming houses and for providing light for seeing at night. In the earlier times fire was made by rubbing a piece of thin wood against a slab of wood till smoke appeared and eventually fire. Substances for example hydrocarbons can be burned thus generating heat by combustion phenomena. It is believed that a ...
Convex Lens – The lens can be from binoculars, cameras, telescopic sights, and magnifying glasses. Angle the lens to concentrate the sun’s rays one dot on the tinder. Hold the lens over the same dot until the tinder begins to smolder. Metal Match – Place the tip of the metal match on the tinder, hold the metal match in one hand and a knife in the other. Scrape the knife against the metal match to produce sparks. The sparks will hit the tinder and start to burn. Gunpowder – Carefully take the bullet from the shell casing, and use the gunpowder as tinder. A spark will ignite the powder but it may have very small explosion. Be very careful. Battery – Attach the wires to each terminal. Touch the ends of the bare wires together next to the tinder so the sparks will ignite it and start fire. Matches – Make sure the matches are waterproof, if not keep them dry. Store them in a waterproof container along with a few dependable striker pads. Flint and Steel – The flint and steel method is the most reliable method and probably the easiest. Strike a piece of flint or a sharp-edged rock edge with a piece of carbon steel (stainless steel will not produce a good spark).
This method requires practice. Fire-Plow – Rub a hardwood shaft against a softer wood. Cut a straight groove in the base and plow or slide the blunt tip of the shaft up and down the groove. The plowing or sliding action of the shaft pushes out small particles of wood fiber. Then, as you apply more pressure on each stroke, the friction ignites the wood particles and it will then burn. Bow and Drill – Place a bundle of tinder under the V-shaped cut in the fire board or softwood board. Place one foot on the board. Loop the bowstring over the drill and place the drill in the precut V depression on the fire board. Place the socket, held in one hand, on top of the drill to ho
