How does building new systems produce organizational change? • Describe each of the four kinds of organizational change that can be promoted with information technology.
1）Automation: improve efficiency and make manual steps not required 2）Rationalization: Streamline standard operating procedures
3）business process reengineering: Analyze, simplify, and redesign business processes
4）Paradigm shifts: Rethink the nature of the business and the nature of organization. • Define business process management and describe the steps required to carry it out. Business process management: use various tools and methodologies to analyze existing processes, design new process, and optimize those processes and it can never be over for the condition is always changing. The steps are as follows,
1) Identify processes for change: decide what business processes are most important and how to improve them
2) Analyze existing processes: existing processes should be modified by noting inputs, outputs, sequence and resources.
3) Design the new process: based on the existing process, the new process must show how much it reduces time and cost.
4) Implement the new process: when the new process is modeled, it must be translated into a new set of procedures and rules.
5) Continuous measurement: since processes may deteriorate over times, it needs to be measured continually. • Explain how information systems support process changes that promote
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The history of strategic planning begins in the military. According to Webster's New World Dictionary, strategy is 'the science of planning and directing large-scale military operations, of maneuvering forces into the most advantageous position prior to actual engagement with the enemy' (Guralnic, 1986). Although our understanding of strategy and applying strategic planning in management has been ...
1) quality in an organization.
2) Make the products or processes simple
3) Improve the existing business processes based on customer demands. 4) Shorten cycle time. 5) Improve quality and precision of design and production
What are the core activities in the systems development process? • Distinguish between systems analysis and systems design. Describe the activities for each.
1) Systems analysis: the analysis of a problem that a firm tries to solve with an information system. Composition of systems analysis: defining the problem, identifying its causes, specifying the solution, and identifying the information requirements that must be met by a system solution.
2) Systems design: it shows how the system will fulfill this objective and acts as a model. It consists of specifications which address all of the managerial, organizational, and technological components of the system solution.
• Define information requirements and explain why they are difficult to determine correctly. Information requirements: to identify who needs what kind of information, where, when and how. Since faulty requirements analysis is a leading cause of systems failure and high systems development costs.
• Explain why the testing stage of systems development is so important. Name and describe the three stages of testing for an information system. Testing is to ensure system produces right results.
1） Unit testing: Tests each program in system separately. 2） System testing: Tests functioning of system as a whole. 3） Acceptance testing: Makes sure system is ready to be used in production setting • Describe the role of programming, conversion, production, and maintenance in systems development.
1) Programming: System specifications from design stage are translated into software program code. Software may be purchased, leased, or outsourced instead.
2) Conversion: The process of changing from old system to new system, it requires end-user training.
3) Production: the system will be reviewed by both users and technical specialists to determine the problems.
4) Maintenance: Changes in hardware, software, documentation, or procedures to a production system to correct errors, meet new requirements, or improve processing efficiency. 3. What are the principal methodologies for modeling and designing systems? • Compare object-oriented and traditional structured approaches for modeling and designing systems. 1) Object-oriented:
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Teachers working with these students must implement strategies when presenting new information to their students, determining what helpful strategies should be utilized to help their students attend, recognize and remember this information. A main goal is that learning disabled students will be able to independently utilize these strategies in the future with minimal assistance from others. ...
Object-oriented uses the object as the basic unit of systems analysis and design. Object-oriented modeling is based on the concepts of class and inheritance. Object-oriented development is more iterative and incremental than traditional structured development. 2) Traditional structured approaches:
Traditional structured development methods are process-oriented, focusing primarily on modeling the processes. It specifies the processes or transformations that occur within each module and the interfaces that exist between them. 4. What are the alternative methods for building information systems?
