Anton Chekhov (1860-1904) was born a year before the emancipation of serf ism in Russia took place. Although he was the grandson of a serf, Chekhov was able to attend the medical school at the University of Moscow and become a physician. Chekhov started writing in order to support his family economically, becoming a master in drama and short stories. His literature is characterized by the use of colloquial language which could be understood even by the less educated and recently liberated serfs. Social change is the main theme in ‘The Cherry Orchard’, a four-act play written in 1904. In this play the different characters portray how changes in Russia after the emancipation of 1861 were taking place and although the play is set several years after this, it is clearly seen how the play develops around this event.
For peasants, the liberation of 1861 brought different consequences. Not all of them took advantage of their freedom, and for some, their lives were the same after being liberated. In this play, these differences can clearly be seen. A main character of this play is Yermolai Lopahkin. Being son and grandson of serfs, represents the young class of peasants who got advantage of the emancipation and achieved economic success. Also, we have minor characters that represent other side of liberated serfs, who did not have Lopakhin’s opportunities to success after emancipation.
The Essay on "The Bet" By Anton Chekhov: Character Analysis Of The Prisoner
Wow! 7,883,995 minutes sure is a long time to spend in solitary confinement, and then not even hang around for the final five minutes to reclaim your prize. The title of this story is “The Bet”, and is written by Anton Chekhov. In this story, a man takes part in a bet for two million dollars, under the conditions that he stays in solitary confinement for fifteen years. The man, whom we ...
Act 1 takes place in Madame Ranevsky’s state. Lohpakin and Dunyasha, a young servant hopeful to succeed in life, wait for the owner of the Cherry Orchard, Madame Ranevsky and her daughter, Anya, to arrive from Paris, where they have been for five years. In this scene Lohpakin ironically criticizes Dunyasha for wearing fancy clothes and trying to pretend something she is not. Although both grew as liberated serfs, it can be seen how one achieved success while the other was still in the process. Lohpakin shows his honesty and says that although he is rich, he is not an educated person: .”..
I’m rich, I’ve got pots of money but when you get right down to it, I’m a peasant. I was reading this book, didn’t understand a word… .” Lopakhin symbolizes the ‘nouveau rich’ or the new class that emerged from the liberation of serfs. Some people, mainly young men, tried to get advantage of their liberation some going to the cities and searching for opportunities. Migration increased in enormous rates.
The number of passports issued to peasants increased from 510 in 1860-70 to 1, 282 in the next decade. However, many peasants, although liberated, remained in their state of peasants following the old regime. These men are symbolized by Firs, an old servant for whom freedom was insignificant. He stays loyal, working in the cherry orchard as a serf since he had no other opportunities in life. Firs and Lohpakin on one side contrast Madame Ranevsky and Gaye f her brother.
The first two portraying two different ways in which emancipation affected peasants, and the last two, showing how the emancipation affected Russian aristocracy. The past is constantly mentioned by the characters in this play. Even the cherry orchard as property, is a symbol of the Old Russian regime. The end of the Old Regime therefore, is portrayed by Chekhov when at the end of the play Lohpakin becomes the owner of the estate and cuts the cherry orchard. Chekhov, as a contemporary observer, uses his play to criticize some aspects of the emancipation of 1861. The message he leaves is that although the emancipation was an important step towards freedom, it was not the only one to be made.
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"Man is by instinct a lover, a hunter, a fighter... ." says Tom Wingfield while arguing with his mother. In Tennessee Williams' The Glass Menagerie, Tom and his mother Amanda suffer through a turbulent familial relationship, much of which is based around Tom's slightly crippled sister Laura. Since Tom's father has left, the Wingfield family relies on Tom for income. This responsibility cages Tom ...
This message, besides being given throughout the novel, is also stated by Trofimov, an idealist student who realizes how far Russia is from achieving real freedom. At the end of Act 2, Trofivom tells Anya, Madame Ranevskaya’s 17-year-old daughter: .”.. In order to start living in the present, we first have to redeem our past, make an end of it, and we can only do that through suffering… .” . The play shows us cases of peasants who thought that life was better before the emancipation. This is the case of Firs, who in Act 2 remembers how people celebrated their emancipation without knowing really which positive things it would bring: “Yes, I remember how happy they all were, and they didn’t even know why.” Moreover, his feelings against emancipation are noticed when after an owl is heard screeching, he announces that a disaster is coming as it did before.
When saying this he referred to emancipation. The play leaves us unclear if Lopakhin has true affection for Madame Ranevskaya, who years ago maintained his father as a serf. In Act 1 he recounts an episode of his childhood, when Madame Ranevskaya In conclusion, the lives of the 50 million liberated serfs (or 80% of the population) after the emancipation of 1861, were affected in many different ways. It is interesting to notice how peasant population increased from 1861 (being 50 million) to 79 million in 1897. Chekhov in his ‘Cherry Orchard’ achieves as a contemporary observer of the situation, to portray many different ways in which serf liberation affected the peasant class. Many contemporary writers criticized emancipation adducing it did not bring any change in peasant’s lives.
For example, Nikolai Nekrasov’s ‘Who Lives Well In Russia?’ may be considered a critic of the emancipation. This book is about seven peasants who met after the emancipation and ask each other if they are living well. The answers are negative and the villages were they come from have names that reflect their feelings: “Patched”, “Holey”, “Barefoot”, “Shivering”, “Burned”, “Hungry” and “Harvest less.” The ‘Proclamation of Serfs’ given at Saint Petersburg on March 3, 1861 by Alexander II, states “[Peasants] should understand that by acquiring property and greater freedom to dispose of their possessions, they have an obligation to society and to themselves to live up to the letter of the new law by a loyal and judicious use of the rights which are now granted to them.” He adds: “We confidently expect that the freed serfs, on the eve of a new future which is opening to them, will appreciate and recognize the considerable sacrifices which the nobility has made on their behalf.”.
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The Black Death is the name later given to the epidemic of plague that ravaged Europe between 1347 and 1351. The disaster affected all aspects of life. Depopulation and shortage of labor hastened changes already inherent in the rural economy; the substitution of wages for labor services was accelerated, and social stratification became less rigid. Psychological morbidity affected the arts; in ...
