For as long as there has been intelligent life there has been medicine, from the most rudimentary of herbs to the most advanced of medical techniques, the main focus has been the advancement of the species. But understanding how they work has always been the key, and the one of the best ways is through dissection. Throughout history the human body has been the focus of medical science and we can now fix or replace most organs in the human body but it has not always been that way. The first physician to make any note worthy contribution to medical science through dissection was most likely Herophilos. Living in 3rd century B.C.E. Alexandria, the only place in the known world to allow dissection of the human body at this time, he made great progress in the knowledge of the digestive system. Galen of Pergamom was a roman physician who made important discoveries about the circulatory system including the difference between venous and arterial blood. Andreas Vesalius was probably the most prominent physician to practice dissection throughout history, and published the book Humani Corporis Fabrica (On the Fabric of the Human Body), which contained information on almost all of the human body. Without these brilliant mind were would medical science be today, still wondering if a bay leaf can cure something more, still think blood can be given to anyone and some people just don’t make it even if it’s a relatively small amount of blood lost. Dissection is still used today to find cause of death, discovering causes of illness and educating student on the workings of organs systems.
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Materials
For the fetal pig dissection we used several common medical tools including scalpel, string, scissors, a razor, a ruler, coping saw, pins, forceps, and a medicine dropper. The string was used to tie down the limbs for easier access to the organs. The scalpel was used to make incisions and cut off and away pieces of skin and membrane. The razor was used to cut open organs for better observation. The pins were used to pin back pieces of skin to keep them out of the way. The coping saw was solely used to saw the skull. The scissors were used to cut the ribs back and remove pieces of skin and membrane. The dropper was used to remove excess liquids and add water to dry areas making them easier to handle and remove. The forceps were used to pull off membrane and open incisions for better observation. Finally, the ruler was used to measure the length of organs.
Method
The method by which we dissected the fetal pig started with the gathering of the tools and the pig. The tools were placed in a wax tray and then on a paper towel. The fetal pig was then placed on the tray. We placed the pig on the wax dissection tray dorsal side down and used string to tie down the limbs (figure 1, & 2).
The scalpel was used to make a small incision at the sternum (figure 4), and then continued with scissors to make careful cuts inferiorly toward the umbilical cord then around on both sides toward the anus and then superiorly to the chin. The scalpel was then used to separate the skin from the ribs and around the umbilical cord exposing the ribs and the membrane around the intestinal organs to allow the ribs to be cut away with scissors (figure 5).
The pins then pined back the skin and the scissors were then used to remove the rib cage and membrane around the intestinal organs section by section being careful not to nick the diaphragm and slowly exposing the heart, lungs, small intestine, large intestine, and liver(figure 6).
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Nowadays, people have using different herbal soap that are expensive and less effective. Our aims is to make an effective and cheaper herbal soap. Like pineapple skin , pineapple fruit has some active principles with important . Pineapple Skin has a benefits in making herbal soap because it has that properties that can make the skin look good and protects the skin. Statement of the Problem Main ...
The heart was removed with scissors and then cut in half via razor (figure 7).
The lungs and liver were then cut out using the scalpel resulting in damage to the liver. The intestines were then removed via scissors and separated with the scissors. Pyloric sphincter was located and the stomach and then the kidneys were removed with the scalpels. The kidneys are cut in half with the razor. The skin was removed from the skull (figure 8), and a coping saw is used to remove the skull in sections revealing the brain (figure 9).
Brain is removed using scalpel to pry up and cut spinal cord.
Results
The observation of the fetal pig began as soon as the pig was placed upon the wax tray it was observed as a discolored pink with leathery skin (figure 1 & 2).
The taste buds could be seen and there was a red substance around the neck (figure 3).
Some teeth could be seen and the tail was noted as not curled. Once the skin was peeled off the ribs, the ribs were removed and it was observed that there was a fluid around the heart and lungs. The heart was nestled in between the lungs (figure 6).
When removed the lungs were easily inflated. The heart was cut in half and the four chambers were easily observed (figure 7).
The small and large intestine were then removed and observed as well connected. When unraveled the intestines were measured at an approximant 85 inches. The kidneys were cut in half and it was noted that they had chambers, crevasse and were hollow in the middle. There were no ovaries found. When skin was removed from the skull it was noted that the skull had a pale color and was rather thin (figure 8).
The brain was almost white and split down the middle (figure 9).
This was the last observation. Discussion
My level of repulsion was at almost zero the entire time. Being an avid pig hunter, dealing with animal organs especially pig organs has almost no affect on me other than interest. The level of excitement only grew for me as we progressed as my main goal when gutting animals had been to remove the organs and be done with it so having the chance to examine each one individually was a thrill. Having extreme year around allergies my sense of smell can almost completely disappear and is never is great there for the smell did not bother me at all. Knowing it would not bother me I was the first to cut into the fetal pig. We then proceeded to cut away the skin which was fun practice for skinning and quickly got the skin back and away from the ribs. The ribs were softer then I first thought they would be and reluctantly let the others have a chance to cut the ribs away. When the ribs were cut away the chest cavity was full of a liquid that reminded me of my brother’s smoothies with a different color. When the heart was removed we let Riley cut it in half. He made a very good cut and we got to see the four chambers of the heart which I found fascinating. When we moved on to the intestines I found it remarkable that that long of a tube could be in such a small pig. The removal of the brain was the best part for me, I found it amazing that the skull was so thin and that the brain was as large as it was. Overall the experience was amazing, and I think it would be a great if I were to be a surgeon of some kind.
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