Development refers to the process of learning new skills and abilities, and acquiring emotional maturity. All developmental changes are the result of both genetic and environmental factors. ‘Child development’ is the term given to the growth of babies through childhood. Although when talking about development we often refer to the ‘average’ child, there is no such thing and we should be more concerned with the child as a whole. Child 0-2 years.
Physical development.
During the first six months of life baby will be able: to lift his head and to kick vigorously; then grasp objects and transfer them from one hand to the other. At six months baby will be able to control their head reasonably well. Around 12 months baby will probably be able to get aroundby either rolling, shuffling or crawling and may even be able to walk unaided. The child may be able to sit unaided for considerable lengths of time. After their first birthday maintaining balance will still be difficult, most babies of this age can manage to climb stairs (under supervision ) and will be able to kneel without support. Children at two years of age should be very mobile. They will be able to walk and ran.
Intellectual development.
From birth to three months babies have ability to focus on objects up to a few inches away from themselves. Around six months babies enjoy bright colours and shiny objects. By the time baby will finish 9 months they will be able to take part in simple games such as peek-a-boo. Around 12 months child’s memory is beginning to develop and they will have ability to remember things. They may be able to clap their hands and wave goodbye. One year old child will begin to understand that people have different preferences. Children around the age of two years enjoy ‘pretend’ play and will often talk to themselves and act out fantasies.
The Term Paper on Language Acquisition Child Words Months
... SPEECH This stage begins at age of 2-3 years. At the age of 36 months vocabulary of a baby has grown to 900 words ... to be the primary person responsible for the initial development of the child's spoken language.15. Work in as many one-on-one ... just vocalizes or gestures. Another reason for later development may be that the child is focusing on some other aspect of his ...
Language development.
During the first six months in baby’s life the only language the babyis capable of expressing is through crying, gurgling, cooing or laughing. It is thought that a child of two years of age will have developed a vocabulary of around 50 words. Children of this age learn to talk at rapid speed and they enjoy taking part in conversations.
Emotional development.
By the time a child has reached their first birthday they will have to become aware of the moods of other people and will often react accordingly. Babies enjoy being with people they are familiar with. Many children of around the age of two years become easily distressed about things they are unsure of or do not understand. The child’s sense of identity progresses rapidly at this age and their memory increases.
Social development.
Babies of six months are very sociable. They may begin to feed themselves with finger foods as their social skills begin to develop. Between 9-12 months they will be able to entertain themselves for lengthy periods of time and will enjoy music and nursery rhymes. A whole new world is opening up socially to a one year old child; by now they will have to develop a sense of identity. Two years old child will enjoy carrying out simple tasks and learning how to dress and feed themselves. Child 3-5 years old.
Physical development.
Children of this age will be able to run, walk forwards, backwards and sideways, jump from low heights, balance on one foot and walk on their tip toes. By their fourth birthday they should now be able to catch, kick, throw and bounce a ball. By the time a child reaches their fifth birthday they should have mastered how to use a variety of equipment. They will be confident playing simple ball games, be able to hop skip and move to music. Intellectual development.
The Term Paper on Development from conception to age 16 years 2
One being the ability to use numerous limbs for example throwing a ball, the other being everyday movements e. g. walking as well as running. Fine motor corresponds; the term describes minor movements that engage smaller muscles to work. This is yet again broken down into two key sections; Fine manipulative skills- the minor movements that are needed when doing puzzles, drawing, painting or ...
Around age of four children will understand the concept of past and future. By their fifth birthday many children will be able to count confidentially and recognise simple words. They will become increasingly interested in everything around them and ask endless questions. Language development.
Children of three years are able to speak in sentences using past and present tenses and plurals. They enjoy listening to stories, singing songs and reciting rhymes. At four years they will constantly ask questions and seek explanations. By the time child reaches their fifth birthday they will have become very confident speaker. They will understand the meaning of a large number of words even if they do not use the words themselves. Emotional development.
Children of this age are becoming more and more aware of their own feelings and emotions and may be able to describe how they are feeling. Their imagination increases dramatically. At five years of age a child is very good at controlling their emotions.
Social development.
At the age of three children will understand how to negotiate and take turns however they may still resort to tantrums if they do not get their own way. Children enjoy socialising and making friends. Around age of five they will have made a number of friends. They developed awareness of their gender and their own background and culture. At the age of five children begin to work out themselves, what is right or wrong and understand the importance of sharing and taking turns.
Child 5-8 years old.
Physical development.
By the time a child has reached their eight birthday, they should have confidence to jump from heights, run distances and ride a bicycle without stabilisers. Balance and agility will have increased enormously by this age. Intellectual development.
Child’s reading and mathematical skills have developed considerably and they will be able to read and write independently. Language development.
By the time a child reaches the age of eight they will be able to describe things accurately. They should be able to give opposites and recognise similarities. Emotional development.
The Term Paper on Four planes of development age 6 to 12 by Dr. Maria Montessori.
Absorbent mind: first plane of development where the child has the capability to absorb large amounts of information with ease, as they are sensitive to specific skills characteristic: distinguishing feature or qualities of something childhood development: Child development refers to the biological, psychological and emotional changes that occur in human beings between birth and the end of ...
Children at this age put a lot of emphasis on wanting to succeed and they can often become very competitive. This competitiveness become apparent when quarrels begin to surface more and more frequently, and the child becomes increasingly demanding and stubborn.
Social development.
At this age some children become less sociable and prefer to spend increasing amounts of time alone whilst others prefer to forge a ‘special’ friendship with just one ‘best’ friend. Assignment 1.2
Analyse key social, economic and environmental factors, which may influence development.
Environmental influences.
There are many reasons why children may experience a lack of emotional and social wellbeing. In the government initiative, Every Child Matters, the importance of being healthy, staying safe, achieving and enjoying, making a positive contribution and experiencing economic wellbeing are emphasised. A child who has poor physical and mental health will be challenged in this respect. When children experience physical, emotional or sexual abuse, or neglect over time, this has the detrimental impact on their emotional lives and their social relationships. When children do not have any sense of personal achievement, their self-esteem is low.
When children do not feel any sense of belonging to a family, a community or an early childhood group, they do not have the enriching experience of feeling that they are contributing. Poverty has a damaging effect on emotional and social relationships, especially when it is of the grinding and long-term kind. Lack of appropriate play areas and toys may be a problem. Children need to be active, involved, and motivated in order to grow and develop. Their brains and bodies need to be suitably stimulated with areas to play both indoors and out. Progress will be slow and impaired if there is lack of stimulation.
Social influences.
Children starved of love and affection will find it difficult to develop and form good relationships with others. They may be untrusting, miserable, and unhappy and, although they may appear physically healthy, they will be emotionally unwell. A child who has suffered from abuse will have their health and well-being severely affected and abuse can have long-lasting health implications. Separation or divorce of parents may affect the areas of child development. Separation or divorce can make children become anxious and frightened. Their whole world, as they know it, will be turned upside down and they may experience feeling of guilt, anger and sorrow. Death, like divorce and separation can affect a child very deeply.
The Essay on Development Of Social Policy part 1
Development of Social Policy DEVELOPMENT OF HEALTH CARE POLICY The development of health care policy in the last one hundred years has been shaped by many factors. These factors are social, economic and political and include poverty, de-industrialisation and different political ideologies. Social attitudes changed over the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and were the main driving force for the ...
Economic influences.
Geography influences child’s development. Where a child lives is an important factor in his development. How are the schools? What types of services and opportunities are there in the community? Is there access to good health care? Children often spend a large part of the day in school, and can gain much or not, depending on the quality of the school. If there is a choice for schools, parents should do as much research as possible to find which will serve the child best. If there is only one school available to the family, parents can still be active in making sure their child is getting the most from the school. Socio-economic status influence on child development.
There are socio-economic trends that can influence child development. It is true that poorer families are at a disadvantage when it comes to providing the richest environment for a child to grow. Many families must rely on public education that may not be the best in their area. What if a child needs special services to aid development? What if the parents spend most of their time working multiple jobs just to keep a roof over their heads? Children living in poverty may also have poor nutrition, limiting their ability to reach their potential.
